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Using the MR imaging data, MR myelography was separately reconstructed via SR-DLR, deep learning reconstruction (DLR), and conventional zero-filling interpolation (ZIP). Three radiologists, blinded to patient background data and MR reconstruction information, independently evaluated the image sets in terms of the following items: the numbers of levels affected by lumbar spinal stenosis; and cauda equina depiction, sharpness, noise, artifacts, and overall image quality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The median interobserver agreement in terms of the numbers of lumbar spinal stenosis levels were 0.819, 0.735, and 0.729 for SR-DLR, DLR, and ZIP images, respectively. The imaging quality of the cauda equina, and image sharpness, noise, and overall quality on SR-DLR images were significantly better than those on DLR and ZIP images, as rated by all readers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). No significant differences were observed for artifacts on SR-DLR against DLR and ZIP.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SR-DLR improved the image quality of lumbar MR myelographs compared to DLR and ZIP, and was associated with better interobserver agreement during assessment of lumbar spinal stenosis status.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01787-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T03:29:38Z","timestamp":1745378978000},"page":"1427-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Super-resolution deep learning reconstruction to evaluate lumbar spinal stenosis status on magnetic resonance myelography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Yasaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Asari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Tajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Akai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Akahane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuni","family":"Ohtomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1440-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kiryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"1787_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5921","volume":"327","author":"JN Katz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz JN, Zimmerman ZE, Mass H, Makhni MC. 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Any data and information included in this study was not controlled by Canon Medical Systems Corporation. The other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by our Institutional Review Board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Requirement for obtaining written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}