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All images were reconstructed using DLR-brain, DLR-body, and Hybrid-IR. Quantitative analysis focussed on moyamoya perforator vessels in the basal ganglia and periventricular anastomosis. For these small vessels, edge sharpness, peak CT number, vessel contrast, full width at half maximum (FWHM), and image noise were measured and compared. Qualitative analysis was performed by visual assessment to compare vessel delineation and image quality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DLR-brain significantly improved edge sharpness, peak CT number, vessel contrast, and FWHM, and significantly reduced image noise compared with DLR-body and Hybrid-IR (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). DLR-brain significantly outperformed the other algorithms in the visual assessment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DLR-brain provided superior visualisation of small intracranial vessels compared with DLR-body and Hybrid-IR in UHR brain CTA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01806-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:33:45Z","timestamp":1748489625000},"page":"1634-1642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep learning reconstruction for improved image quality of ultra-high-resolution brain CT angiography: application in moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0499-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongping","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-4017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1982-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Funaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayo","family":"Otani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Takiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachi","family":"Okuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Chihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Mineharu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Arakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e465","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000443","volume":"54","author":"NR Gonzalez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonzalez NR, Amin-Hanjani S, Bang OY, Coffey C, Du R, Fierstra J, et al. 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