{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:38:37Z","timestamp":1793299117640,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T03:22:59Z","timestamp":1750216979000},"page":"1618-1627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recent advances in drug treatment for prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4589-9251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kotaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Shiota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeo","family":"Kosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroji","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1816_CR1","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32630","volume":"126","author":"B Bernard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernard B, Burnett C, Sweeney CJ, Rider JR, Sridhar SS. Impact of age at diagnosis of de novo metastatic prostate cancer on survival. Cancer. 2020;126(5):986\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67436-8","volume":"164","author":"M Laufer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Laufer M, Denmeade SR, Sinibaldi VJ, Carducci MA, Eisenberger MA. Complete androgen blockade for prostate cancer: what went wrong? J Urol. 2000;164(1):3\u20139.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15545","volume":"31","author":"Y Kohjimoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kohjimoto Y, Uemura H, Yoshida M, Hinotsu S, Takahashi S, Takeuchi T, et al. Japanese clinical practice guidelines for prostate cancer 2023. Int J Urol. 2024;31(11):1180\u2013222.","journal-title":"Int J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR5","first-page":"232","volume":"22","author":"C Huggins","year":"1972","unstructured":"Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. CA Cancer J Clin. 1972;22(4):232\u201340.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"4001","key":"1816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.4001.1036","volume":"173","author":"AV Schally","year":"1971","unstructured":"Schally AV, Arimura A, Kastin AJ, Matsuo H, Baba Y, Redding TW, et al. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: one polypeptide regulates secretion of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Science. 1971;173(4001):1036\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR7","first-page":"267","volume":"5","author":"F Labrie","year":"1982","unstructured":"Labrie F, Dupont A, Belanger A, Cusan L, Lacourciere Y, Monfette G, et al. New hormonal therapy in prostatic carcinoma: combined treatment with an LHRH agonist and an antiandrogen. Clin Invest Med. 1982;5(4):267\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"key":"1816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Prostate Cancer Trialists\u2019 Collaborative Group. Lancet (London, England). 2000;355(9214):1491\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02163-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10647","volume":"95","author":"DJ Samson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samson DJ, Seidenfeld J, Schmitt B, Hasselblad V, Albertsen PC, Bennett CL, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of monotherapy compared with combined androgen blockade for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;95(2):361\u201376.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1856-3","volume":"141","author":"T Matsuoka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Matsuoka T, Kawai K, Kimura T, Kojima T, Onozawa M, Miyazaki J, et al. Long-term outcomes of combined androgen blockade therapy in stage IV prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2015;141(4):759\u201365.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12937","volume":"117","author":"MR Cooperberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cooperberg MR, Hinotsu S, Namiki M, Carroll PR, Akaza H. Trans-Pacific variation in outcomes for men treated with primary androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2016;117(1):102\u20139.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"1816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930501)71:9<2782::AID-CNCR2820710916>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"71","author":"K Akakura","year":"1993","unstructured":"Akakura K, Bruchovsky N, Goldenberg SL, Rennie PS, Buckley AR, Sullivan LD. Effects of intermittent androgen suppression on androgen-dependent tumors. Apoptosis and serum prostate-specific antigen. Cancer. 1993;71(9):2782\u201390.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"1816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1201546","volume":"367","author":"JM Crook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crook JM, O\u2019Callaghan CJ, Duncan G, Dearnaley DP, Higano CS, Horwitz EM, et al. Intermittent androgen suppression for rising PSA level after radiotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(10):895\u2013903.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.10.007","volume":"69","author":"C Schulman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schulman C, Cornel E, Matveev V, Tammela TL, Schraml J, Bensadoun H, et al. Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation therapy in patients with relapsing or locally advanced prostate cancer: a phase 3b randomised study (ICELAND). Eur Urol. 2016;69(4):720\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212299","volume":"368","author":"M Hussain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hussain M, Tangen CM, Berry DL, Higano CS, Crawford ED, Liu G, et al. Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(14):1314\u201325.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"1816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.5492","volume":"31","author":"S Niraula","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niraula S, Le LW, Tannock IF. Treatment of prostate cancer with intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(16):2029\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.08183.x","volume":"102","author":"L Klotz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, Andreou C, Persson BE, Cantor P, et al. The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2008;102(11):1531\u20138.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.12.063","volume":"66","author":"L Klotz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klotz L, Miller K, Crawford ED, Shore N, Tombal B, Karup C, et al. Disease control outcomes from analysis of pooled individual patient data from five comparative randomised clinical trials of degarelix versus luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Eur Urol. 2014;66(6):1101\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.06.002","volume":"79","author":"M Abufaraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abufaraj M, Iwata T, Kimura S, Haddad A, Al-Ani H, Abusubaih L, et al. Differential impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist versus agonist on clinical safety and oncologic outcomes on patients with metastatic prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Urol. 2021;79(1):44\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004325","volume":"382","author":"ND Shore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shore ND, Saad F, Cookson MS, George DJ, Saltzstein DR, Tutrone R, et al. Oral relugolix for androgen-deprivation therapy in advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):2187\u201396.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704174","volume":"377","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Tran N, Fein L, Matsubara N, Rodriguez-Antolin A, Alekseev BY, et al. Abiraterone plus prednisone in metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):352\u201360.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702900","volume":"377","author":"ND James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James ND, Bono JSd, Spears MR, Clarke NW, Mason MD, Dearnaley DP, et al. Abiraterone for prostate cancer not previously treated with hormone therapy. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):338\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34018","volume":"151","author":"ND James","year":"2022","unstructured":"James ND, Clarke NW, Cook A, Ali A, Hoyle AP, Attard G, et al. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone for metastatic patients starting hormone therapy: 5-year follow-up results from the STAMPEDE randomised trial (NCT00268476). Int J Cancer. 2022;151(3):422\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903835","volume":"381","author":"ID Davis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Davis ID, Martin AJ, Stockler MR, Begbie S, Chi KN, Chowdhury S, et al. Enzalutamide with standard first-line therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(2):121\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"1816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00799","volume":"37","author":"AJ Armstrong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armstrong AJ, Szmulewitz RZ, Petrylak DP, Holzbeierlein J, Villers A, Azad A, et al. ARCHES: a randomized, phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy with Enzalutamide or placebo in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(32):2974\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03488","volume":"39","author":"KN Chi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chi KN, Chowdhury S, Bjartell A, Chung BH, Pereira de Santana Gomes AJ, Given R, et al. Apalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: final survival analysis of the randomized, double-blind, phase III TITAN study. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39(20):2294\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10024","key":"1816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01037-5","volume":"387","author":"ND James","year":"2016","unstructured":"James ND, Sydes MR, Clarke NW, Mason MD, Dearnaley DP, Spears MR, et al. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2016;387(10024):1163\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70560-0","volume":"14","author":"G Gravis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, Oudard S, Priou F, Esterni B, et al. Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(2):149\u201358.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503747","volume":"373","author":"CJ Sweeney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sweeney CJ, Chen YH, Carducci M, Liu G, Jarrard DF, Eisenberger M, et al. Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(8):737\u201346.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119115","volume":"386","author":"MR Smith","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith MR, Hussain M, Saad F, Fizazi K, Sternberg CN, Crawford ED, et al. Darolutamide and survival in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(12):1132\u201342.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10336","key":"1816_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00367-1","volume":"399","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Foulon S, Carles J, Roubaud G, McDermott R, Fl\u00e9chon A, et al. Abiraterone plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design. Lancet. 2022;399(10336):1695\u2013707.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1816_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.07.035","volume":"75","author":"J Mateo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mateo J, Fizazi K, Gillessen S, Heidenreich A, Perez-Lopez R, Oyen WJG, et al. Managing nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2019;75(2):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1816_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715546","volume":"378","author":"MR Smith","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, et al. Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(15):1408\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"1816_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800536","volume":"378","author":"M Hussain","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hussain M, Fizazi K, Saad F, Rathenborg P, Shore N, Ferreira U, et al. Enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(26):2465\u201374.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"1816_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815671","volume":"380","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Shore N, Tammela TL, Ulys A, Vjaters E, Polyakov S, et al. Darolutamide in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(13):1235\u201346.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"30","key":"1816_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.44.6716","volume":"31","author":"MR Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith MR, Saad F, Oudard S, Shore N, Fizazi K, Sieber P, et al. Denosumab and bone metastasis-free survival in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: exploratory analyses by baseline prostate-specific antigen doubling time. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(30):3800\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-020-00689-0","volume":"20","author":"H Uemura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uemura H, Koroki Y, Iwaki Y, Imanaka K, Kambara T, Lopez-Gitlitz A, et al. Skin rash following administration of Apalutamide in Japanese patients with advanced prostate cancer: an integrated analysis of the phase 3 SPARTAN and TITAN studies and a phase 1 open-label study. BMC Urol. 2020;20(1):139.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.08.011","volume":"79","author":"MR Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, et al. Apalutamide and overall survival in prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2021;79(1):150\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1816_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2003892","volume":"382","author":"CN Sternberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sternberg CN, Fizazi K, Saad F, Shore ND, De Giorgi U, Penson DF, et al. Enzalutamide and survival in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(23):2197\u2013206.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1816_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001342","volume":"383","author":"K Fizazi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fizazi K, Shore N, Tammela TL, Ulys A, Vjaters E, Polyakov S, et al. Nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer and survival with darolutamide. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(11):1040\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"1816_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207506","volume":"367","author":"HI Scher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, et al. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(13):1187\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"1816_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014618","volume":"364","author":"JS de Bono","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, Fizazi K, North S, Chu L, et al. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(21):1995\u20132005.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1816_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095","volume":"371","author":"TM Beer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beer TM, Armstrong AJ, Rathkopf DE, Loriot Y, Sternberg CN, Higano CS, et al. Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):424\u201333.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1816_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209096","volume":"368","author":"CJ Ryan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, Molina A, Logothetis CJ, de Souza P, et al. Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(2):138\u201348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1816_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040720","volume":"351","author":"IF Tannock","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, Horti J, Pluzanska A, Chi KN, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(15):1502\u201312.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1816_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041318","volume":"351","author":"DP Petrylak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, Lara PN Jr, Jones JA, Taplin ME, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(15):1513\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9747","key":"1816_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61389-X","volume":"376","author":"JS de Bono","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, et al. Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9747):1147\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"1816_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911206","volume":"381","author":"R de Wit","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Wit R, de Bono J, Sternberg CN, Fizazi K, Tombal B, W\u00fclfing C, et al. Cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2506\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1816_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","volume":"369","author":"C Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, Helle SI, O\u2019Sullivan JM, Foss\u00e5 SD, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(3):213\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.2702","volume":"34","author":"HI Scher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, Higano C, Basch E, Fizazi K, et al. Trial design and objectives for castration-resistant prostate cancer: updated recommendations from the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(12):1402\u201318.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2020.07.026","volume":"75","author":"MM Alqahtani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alqahtani MM, Fulton R, Constable C, Willowson KP, Kench PL. Diagnostic performance of whole-body SPECT\/CT in bone metastasis detection using (99m)Tc-labelled diphosphate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Radiol. 2020;75(12):961.e11-e24.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2016.12.020","volume":"15","author":"Y Miyoshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miyoshi Y, Uemura K, Kawahara T, Yoneyama S, Hattori Y, Teranishi JI, et al. Prognostic value of automated bone scan index in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with Enzalutamide or Abiraterone acetate. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2017;15(4):472\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.05.033","volume":"71","author":"AR Padhani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Padhani AR, Lecouvet FE, Tunariu N, Koh DM, De Keyzer F, Collins DJ, et al. METastasis reporting and data system for prostate cancer: practical guidelines for acquisition, interpretation, and reporting of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluations of multiorgan involvement in advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2017;71(1):81\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1816_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.158550","volume":"56","author":"M Weineisen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weineisen M, Schottelius M, Simecek J, Baum RP, Yildiz A, Beykan S, et al. 68Ga- and 177Lu-labeled PSMA I&T: optimization of a PSMA-targeted theranostic concept and first proof-of-concept human studies. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(8):1169\u201376.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107322","volume":"385","author":"O Sartor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sartor O, de Bono J, Chi KN, Fizazi K, Herrmann K, Rahbar K, et al. Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(12):1091\u2013103.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1816_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911440","volume":"382","author":"J de Bono","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Bono J, Mateo J, Fizazi K, Saad F, Shore N, Sandhu S, et al. Olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(22):2091\u2013102.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1816_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke NW, Armstrong AJ, Thiery-Vuillemin A, Oya M, Shore N, Loredo E, et al. Abiraterone and olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. NEJM Evid. 2022;1(9):EVIDoa2200043.","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200043"},{"issue":"10398","key":"1816_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01055-3","volume":"402","author":"N Agarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agarwal N, Azad AA, Carles J, Fay AP, Matsubara N, Heinrich D, et al. Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TALAPRO-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10398):291\u2013303.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1816_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189971","author":"M Ferro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferro M, de Cobelli O, Vartolomei MD, Lucarelli G, Crocetto F, Barone B, et al. Prostate cancer radiogenomics-from imaging to molecular characterization. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22189971.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"30","key":"1816_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.3553","volume":"32","author":"HT Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang HT, Yao YH, Li BG, Tang Y, Chang JW, Zhang J. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) progressing from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma: factors associated with time to development of NEPC and survival from NEPC diagnosis-a systematic review and pooled analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(30):3383\u201390.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1816_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-3791","volume":"19","author":"AM Aparicio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aparicio AM, Harzstark AL, Corn PG, Wen S, Araujo JC, Tu SM, et al. Platinum-based chemotherapy for variant castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(13):3621\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24559","volume":"83","author":"K Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen K, Yu M, Ji Y, Zhou X, Liu B, Zhang W, et al. (18) F-FDG PET\/CT imaging in neuroendocrine prostate cancer: relation to histopathology and prognosis. Prostate. 2023;83(12):1167\u201375.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-022-00535-3","volume":"11","author":"P Shahrokhi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahrokhi P, Emami-Ardekani A, Karamzade-Ziarati N. SSTR-based theranostics in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Clin Transl Imaging. 2023;11(4):321\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"key":"1816_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.08.011","volume":"121","author":"V Conteduca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conteduca V, Oromendia C, Eng KW, Bareja R, Sigouros M, Molina A, et al. Clinical features of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2019;121:7\u201318.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:02:36Z","timestamp":1759147356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01816-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest in association with the present study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This review article contains no studies involving human subjects or animals by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}