{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:35:57Z","timestamp":1788496557421,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015650","name":"Canon Medical Systems Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015650","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An artificial intelligence (AI) system for detecting interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) was previously developed but requires external validation. This study aimed to examine the robustness across different populations and investigate associations between the system outputs and traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis severity patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT scans from population-based samples of the Rotterdam Study (2018\u20132019) and the Age Gene\/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) Study (baseline CT: 2002\u20132006, follow-up CT: 2007\u20132011) were used in this secondary analysis of the two cohorts. The AI system calculated ILA probability score (AI score) in the range from 0 to 1. Three experienced readers evaluated independently all CT scans for ILA, and two chest radiologists assessed traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis using the 4-scale traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis index (TBI) for severity by consensus. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kruskal\u2013Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The system analyzed 932 CT scans of the Rotterdam Study (mean participant age, 79.6\u00a0years\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3 (SD), 482 women) and 5242 CT scans of the AGES-Reykjavik Study (mean participant age, 76.4\u00a0years\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6, 3032 women), and achieved area under the ROC curve of 0.841 (95% CI 0.804, 0.879) and 0.823 (95% CI 0.798, 0.847), respectively. AI scores correlated with readers\u2019 certainty, decreasing from unanimous ILA cases to No-ILA cases. Higher baseline AI scores correlated with greater severity of traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis (TBI-3: 0.931 [IQR, 0.911\u20130.932], TBI-2: 0.738 [IQR, 0.406\u20130.880], TBI-1: 0.537 [IQR, 0.317\u20130.761], TBI-0: 0.250 [IQR, 0.136\u20130.455]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The system demonstrated robust ILA detection performance across different populations, with AI scores showing associations with traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01917-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:13:44Z","timestamp":1765422824000},"page":"660-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated interstitial lung abnormalities detection at CT: external validation and potential recognition of traction bronchiectasis\/bronchiolectasis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4619-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusei","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Kawagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Hino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meike W.","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daan W.","family":"Loth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heida","family":"Bjarnadottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valborg","family":"Gudmundsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gudmundsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilmundur","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizuki","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Christiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Hunninghake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousei","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Hatabu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30168-5","volume":"8","author":"H Hatabu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatabu H, Hunninghake GM, Richeldi L, Brown KK, Wells AU, Remy-Jardin M, et al. 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M.K. is an employee of Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan. D.W.L. received payment to institution for organization of a regional pulmonary hypertension course sponsored by Ferrer, MSD, and Johnson & Johnson, and received travel support for a perceptorship course at Aarhus University Hospital. He serves as a board member of the ILD section of the Dutch Association of pulmonary physicians (NVALT). M.W.V. receives funding from ZonMw Memorabel grant (No. 733050817), TAP-dementia ZonMw funded project (#10510032120003), Medical Delta research grant, and ABOARD public\u2013private partnership (ZonMW #73305095007, Health\u2009~\u2009Holland #LSHM20106). She received honorarium paid to institution for an educational lecture to EISAI company (topic unrelated to the present manuscript). V.G. received grant payments from NIA grants N01-AG-12100 and HHSN271201200022C. D.C.C receives research grant from NIH. G.M.H. receives funding from NIH NHLBI grants R01 HL111024, R01 HL130974, and R01 HL135142, and received consulting fees from Gerson Lehrman Group and Boehringer Ingelheim, and lecture honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, and travel support for meetings from Boehringer Ingelheim. M.N. and H.H. received research grants to institution from Canon Medical Systems and Konica Minolta. H. H. also received consulting fees from Canon Medical Systems Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim Inc. (less than $5,000 USD per year each). G.G. received grant payments from Landspitali Scientific Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, and Icelandic Research Fund. K.A., M.O., M.K., and H.H. are co-inventors on US patent application number 63\/610,842. M.O. holds stock options in Institute for Advanced Diagnosis for Rare Diseases & Conditions K.K.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was a secondary analysis of de-identified imaging data from two previously approved cohort studies. The Rotterdam Study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (MEC 02.1015), and the AGES-Reykjavik Study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (VSN 00\u2013063). As this study involved only retrospective analysis of existing anonymized imaging data, additional ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the original cohort studies. As this study used only de-identified data, additional informed consent was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}