{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1777972612023,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004823","name":"Nagoya University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the distribution patterns of sarcoidosis involvement on FDG-PET\/CT in patients with known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), with a particular focus on upper abdominal lymph nodes (LN) (periportal LN [PLN], anterior pancreaticoduodenal LN [APDLN], and posterior pancreaticoduodenal LN [PPDLN]) and the association of them with other lesions and myocardium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 861 FDG-PET\/CT scans performed between July 2016 and August 2024 in patients with known or suspected CS, and included 178 cases for analysis of FDG uptake patterns suggestive of sarcoid involvement. FDG-positive LNs or regions were classified as sarcoidosis-related based on treatment response, characteristic uptake patterns, or histological confirmation. The occurrence ratio of FDG-positive lymph nodes or regions was also assessed in relation to myocardial FDG uptake patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FDG uptake was observed most frequently in hilar and mediastinal LNs (79% and 76%, respectively). Upper abdominal LN uptake was observed in 49.4% of patients, most commonly in the PLN (31.5%), APDLN (38.2%), and PPDLN (37.1%). Heatmap analyses revealed strong co-occurrence between thoracic and upper abdominal LNs, suggesting a lymphatic dissemination pattern. Peripheral LNs such as axillary, subclavian, and inguinal\/pelvic stations demonstrated low uptake and minimal co-occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FDG-PET\/CT provides valuable insight into the structured lymphatic dissemination of sarcoidosis. Frequent FDG uptake in upper abdominal lymph nodes, particularly when accompanied by thoracic involvement, represents a characteristic finding in sarcoidosis. Recognition of this pattern can improve diagnostic accuracy and help differentiate sarcoidosis from other systemic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Secondary abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study assessed lymph node involvement on FDG-PET\/CT in patients with suspected or known cardiac sarcoidosis, revealing distinct dissemination patterns into the upper abdomen. These findings enhance understanding of disease pathophysiology and may improve diagnostic evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:28:50Z","timestamp":1770272930000},"page":"916-925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["FDG uptake in upper abdominal lymph node as a distinctive pattern in sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryogo","family":"Minamimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rintato","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naotoshi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Murohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Naganawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1935_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2101555","volume":"385","author":"M Drent","year":"2021","unstructured":"Drent M, Crouser ED, Grunewald J. Challenges of sarcoidosis and its management. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1018\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1935_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030890","volume":"9","author":"RGM Keijsers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keijsers RGM, Grutters JC. In which patients with sarcoidosis is FDG PET\/CT indicated? J Clin Med. 2020;9:890.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1935_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2024.02.004","volume":"54","author":"P Saric","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saric P, Bois JP, Giudicessi JR, Rosenbaum AN, Kusmirek JE, Lin G, et al. Imaging of cardiac sarcoidosis: an update and future aspects. Semin Nucl Med. 2024;54:701\u201316.","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"1935_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.1.1820015","volume":"182","author":"DM Warshauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Warshauer DM, Lee JK. Imaging manifestations of abdominal sarcoidosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182:15\u201328.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1935_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0508","volume":"83","author":"F Terasaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Terasaki F, Azuma A, Anzai T, Ishizaka N, Ishizaka N, Ishida Y, et al. JCS 2016 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis. Circ J. 2019;83:2329\u201388.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"1935_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.05.017","volume":"17","author":"R Morimoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morimoto R, Unno K, Fujita N, Sakuragi Y, Nishimoto T, Yamashita M, et al. Prospective analysis of immunosuppressive therapy in cardiac sarcoidosis with fluorodeoxyglucose myocardial accumulation: the PRESTIGE study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17:45\u201358.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1935_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.08.083","volume":"95","author":"CZ Chiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiu CZ, Nakatani S, Zhang G. Prevention of left ventricular remodeling by long-term corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95:143\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1935_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Writing group; Document reading group; EACVI reviewers: this document was reviewed by members of the EACVI Scientific Documents Committee for 2014\u20132016 and 2016\u20132018. A joint procedural position statement on imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis: from the Cardiovascular and Inflammation & Infection Committees of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18:1073\u201389.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex146"},{"key":"1935_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2020.11.022","volume":"3","author":"S Lemay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lemay S, Massot M, Philippon F, Belzile D, Turgeon PY, Beaudoin J, et al. Ten questions cardiologists should be able to answer about cardiac sarcoidosis: case-based approach and contemporary review. CJC Open. 2020;3:532\u201348.","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"1935_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.196287","volume":"58","author":"RHJA Slart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Slart RHJA, Glaudemans AWJM, Lancellotti P, Hyafil F, Blankstein R, Schwartz RG, et al. A joint procedural position statement on imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 2017;58:1341\u201353.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"1935_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1178","volume":"132","author":"AS Teirstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Teirstein AS, Machac J, Almeida O, Lu P, Padilla ML, Iannuzzi MC. Results of 188 whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans in 137 patients with sarcoidosis. Chest. 2007;132:1949\u201353.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1935_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.08.025","volume":"116","author":"P Simonen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simonen P, Lehtonen J, Kandolin R, Schildt J, Marjasuo S, Miettinen H, et al. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-guided sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116:1581\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1935_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684e691","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21104","volume":"24","author":"M Loukas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loukas M, Abel N, Tubbs RS, Grabska J, Birungi J, Anderson RH. The cardiac lymphatic system. Clin Anat. 2011;24:684e691.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"1935_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(10)60082-4","volume":"109","author":"KL MacArthur","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacArthur KL, Forouhar F, Wu GY. Intra-abdominal complications of sarcoidosis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2010;109:484\u201392.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"1935_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.1.8208972","volume":"192","author":"DM Warshauer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Warshauer DM, Dumbleton SA, Molina PL, Yankaskas BC, Parker LA, Woosley JT. Abdominal CT findings in sarcoidosis: radiologic and clinical correlation. Radiology. 1994;192:93\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1935_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199507000-00013","volume":"19","author":"SJ Folz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Folz SJ, Johnson CD, Swensen SJ. Abdominal manifestations of sarcoidosis in CT studies. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;19:573\u20139.","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"1935_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.1.1984330","volume":"178","author":"AR Britt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Britt AR, Francis IR, Glazer GM, Ellis JH. Sarcoidosis: abdominal manifestations at CT. Radiology. 1991;178:91\u20134.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1935_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001095","volume":"94","author":"HJ Koo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koo HJ, Kim MY, Shin SY, Shin S, Kim SS, Lee SW, et al. Evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in sarcoidosis, sarcoid reaction, and malignant lymph nodes using CT and FDG-PET\/CT. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1095.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1935_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2021.0189","volume":"83","author":"HS Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho HS, Ahn JH. Nomenclature and lymphatic drainage patterns of abdominal lymph nodes. J Korean Soc Radiol. 2022;83:1240\u201358.","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Radiol"},{"key":"1935_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: 3rd English edition. Gastric Cancer. 2011;14:101\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-011-0041-5"},{"key":"1935_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.08.025","volume":"69","author":"R Perez-Alvarez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez-Alvarez R, Brito-Zeron P, Kostov B, Feijoo-Mass\u00f3 C, Fraile G, et al. Systemic phenotype of sarcoidosis associated with radiological stages. Analysis of 1230 patients. Eur J Intern Med. 2019;69:77\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"1935_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001160","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01160-2020","volume":"57","author":"R Lhote","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lhote R, Annesi-Maesano I, Nunes H, Launay D, Borie R, Sacr\u00e9 K, et al. Clinical phenotypes of extrapulmonary sarcoidosis: an analysis of a French, multi-ethnic, multicentre cohort. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2001160.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1935_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02086-7","volume":"26","author":"KE Boczar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boczar KE, Park Y, Wiefels C. Can FDG-PET imaging identify cardiac sarcoidosis disease phenotypes? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2024;26:851\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"1935_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1684902","volume":"14","author":"SA Papiris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papiris SA, Georgakopoulos A, Papaioannou AI, Pianou N, Kallergi M, Kelekis NL, et al. Emerging phenotypes of sarcoidosis based on 18F-FDG PET\/CT: a hierarchical cluster analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14:229\u201338.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:47:45Z","timestamp":1777970865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11604-025-01935-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1867-1071","1867-108X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-1071","type":"print"},{"value":"1867-108X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}