{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:32:50Z","timestamp":1792171970896,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test whether a refined definition of the T2\u2013FLAIR mismatch sign (redefined T2FM) and a newly defined subcortical FLAIR signal drop (scFLAIR-D) on conventional MRI improve presurgical discrimination between astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (AST) and oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p\/19q-codeleted (ODG).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center retrospective study (January 2021\u2013July 2025), adults with IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse glioma and preoperative T2-weighted and FLAIR MRI were included. Two blinded readers (with senior adjudication) scored five features: redefined T2FM (includes partial but excludes subcortical-only mismatch), scFLAIR-D (focal FLAIR hypointensity confined to subcortical white matter within T2-hyperintensity), multiple necrotic\/cystic foci (\u2265\u20092 cavities), cortical predominance (&gt;\u200950% cortical volume), and calcification (CT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-one patients were included (median age 42 years; 24 men; 16 AST, 25 ODG). AST significantly more often showed redefined T2FM (AST: 87.5% [14\/16] vs. ODG: 20.0% [5\/25];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than ODG. ODG significantly more often showed scFLAIR-D (AST: 6.3% [1\/16] vs. ODG: 44.0% [11\/25];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), multiple necrotic\/cystic foci (12.5% [2\/16] vs. 56.0% [14\/25];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008), and calcification (0% [0\/16] vs. 50.0% [12\/24 patients with preoperative CT];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001); cortical predominance trended higher (31.3% [5\/16] vs. 64.0% [16\/25];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.058). For predicting AST, redefined T2FM achieved 87.5% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity. For predicting ODG, scFLAIR-D achieved 44.0% sensitivity and 93.8% specificity. Two or more ODG-favored features (scFLAIR-D, multiple necrotic\/cystic foci, calcification) identified ODG with 100% specificity, whereas redefined T2FM without ODG-favored features identified AST with 96.0% specificity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A refined T2FM definition improves sensitivity for AST while preserving high specificity. scFLAIR-D serves as a simple, specific marker of ODG; in combination, these routine features yield high rule-in specificity to support presurgical planning and early therapeutic counseling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Secondary abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refining T2FM to include partial but exclude subcortical-only mismatch increased sensitivity for astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (87.5%) while preserving specificity (80.0%). Newly defined scFLAIR-D was highly specific for oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p\/19q-codeleted (93.8%). Combining these qualitative MRI\/CT features yielded high rule-in specificities for lineage discrimination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-026-01965-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:35:11Z","timestamp":1774589711000},"page":"1142-1149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Conventional MRI\/CT for differentiation of IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas: revisited with a new imaging feature \u201cscFLAIR-D\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Yuji","family":"Ohizumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1186-8900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1965_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, Brat DJ, Cree IA, Figarella-Branger D, et al. 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