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To quantify gender-specific post-deployment mental health conditions and associations between deployment stressors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to inform the care of Veterans returning from the current conflicts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>National mail survey of OEF\/OIF Veterans randomly sampled within gender, with women oversampled.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>SETTING<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The community.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>PARTICIPANTS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total, 1,207 female and 1,137 male Veterans from a roster of all Operation Enduring Freedom\/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF\/OIF) Veterans. Response rate was 48.6 %.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>MAIN MEASURES<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Deployment stressors (including combat and harassment stress), PTSD, depression, anxiety and alcohol use, all measured via self-report.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>KEY RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Women were more likely to report sexual harassment (OR\u2009=\u20098.7, 95% CI: 6.9, 11) but less likely to report combat (OR\u2009= 0\u2009.62, 95 % CI: 0.50, 0.76). Women and men were equally likely to report symptoms consistent with probable PTSD (OR = 0\u2009.87, 95 % CI: 0.70, 1.1) and symptomatic anxiety (OR \u2009= \u20091.1, 9 5% CI: 0.86, 1.3). Women were more likely to report probable depression (OR\u2009=\u20091.3, 95 % CI: 1.1, 1.6) and less likely to report problematic alcohol use (OR \u2009= 0\u2009.59, 9 5% CI: 0.47, 0.72). With a five-point change in harassment stress, adjusted odds ratios for PTSD were 1.36 (95 % CI: 1.23, 1.52) for women and 1.38 (95 % CI: 1.19, 1.61) for men. The analogous associations between combat stress and PTSD were 1.31 (95 % CI: 1.24, 1.39) and 1.31 (95 % CI: 1.26, 1.36), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although there are important gender differences in deployment stressors\u2014including women\u2019s increased risk of interpersonal stressors\u2014and post-deployment adjustment, there are also significant similarities. The post-deployment adjustment of our nation\u2019s growing population of female Veterans seems comparable to that of our nation\u2019s male Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-013-2333-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,26]],"date-time":"2013-06-26T18:49:01Z","timestamp":1372272541000},"page":"556-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Gender Differences Among Veterans Deployed in Support of the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Street","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaimie L.","family":"Gradus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Giasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawne","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Resick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2333_CR1","unstructured":"Defense Manpower Data Center. 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