{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:59:03Z","timestamp":1793347143868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,4]],"date-time":"2014-08-04T21:30:18Z","timestamp":1407187818000},"page":"1429-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Living Alone, Socially Isolated or Lonely\u2014What are We Measuring?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Carla M.","family":"Perissinotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Covinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.1993","volume":"172","author":"CM Perissinotto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perissinotto CM, Stijacic Cenzer I, Covinsky KE. Loneliness in older persons: a predictor of functional decline and death. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:1078\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2012-100943","volume":"15","author":"MK Andrew","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andrew MK. Reported loneliness rather than social isolation is a risk factor for 10-year mortality in older men. Evid Based Ment Health. 2012;15:87.","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt121","volume":"69","author":"V Burholt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burholt V, Scharf T. Poor health and loneliness in later life: the role of depressive symptoms, social resources, and rural environments. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014;69:311\u201324.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"2977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219686110","volume":"110","author":"A Steptoe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Shankar A, Demakakos P, Wardle J. Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:5797\u2013801.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","volume":"39","author":"D Russell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE. The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;39:472\u201380.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ennis SK, Larson EB, Grothaus L, Helfrich CD, Balch S, Phelan EA. Association of Living Alone and Hospitalization Among Community-Dwelling Elders With and Without Dementia. J Gen Intern Med. doi: 10.1007\/s11606-014-2904-Z .","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2904-z"},{"key":"2977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21007","volume":"21","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Norris CJ, Decety J, Monteleone G, Nusbaum H. In the eye of the beholder: individual differences in perceived social isolation predict regional brain activation to social stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci. 2009;21:83\u201392.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2977_CR8","volume-title":"Social support: Theory, Research and Application","author":"S Cohen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cohen S, Mermelstein R, Kamarck T, Hoberman H. Measuring the functional components of social support. In: Sarason IGSBR, ed. Social support: Theory, Research and Application. THe Hague, Holland: Martinus Nijhoff; 1985."},{"key":"2977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03907.x","volume":"48","author":"KE Covinsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Counsell SR, Pine ZM, Walter LC, Chren MM. Functional status before hospitalization in acutely ill older adults: validity and clinical importance of retrospective reports. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:164\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51152.x","volume":"51","author":"KE Covinsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, et al. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51:451\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2012.120128","volume":"105","author":"N Valtorta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valtorta N, Hanratty B. Loneliness, isolation and the health of older adults: do we need a new research agenda? J R Soc Med. 2012;105:518\u201322.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"2977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X04002594","volume":"25","author":"M Cattan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cattan M, White M, Bond J, Learmouth A. Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: a systematic review of health promotion interventions. Ageing Soc. 2005;25:41\u201367.","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"2977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-647","volume":"11","author":"AP Dickens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dickens AP, Richards SH, Greaves CJ, Campbell JL. Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:647.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T17:49:08Z","timestamp":1559411348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2977-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]]}}}