{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:07:26Z","timestamp":1782479246561,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T19:02:12Z","timestamp":1561143732000},"page":"1977-1980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Cardiovascular Health Burdens of Solitary Confinement"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Brie A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus","family":"Ahalt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Coxson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Bibbins-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5103_CR1","unstructured":"American Medical Association House of Delegates. Reducing the Use of Restrictive Housing in Prisoners with Mental Illness: Resolution 412. 2018, page 641. \nhttps:\/\/www.ama-assn.org\/sites\/ama-assn.org\/files\/corp\/media-browser\/public\/hod\/a18-reference-committee-reports.pdf\n\n. Last accessed March 18, 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"5103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPH-08-2016-0040","volume":"13","author":"Cyrus Ahalt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahalt C, Haney C, Rios S, Fox MP, Farabee D, Williams B. Reducing the use and impact of solitary confinement in corrections. Int J Prison Health 2017. 13(1):41-48. doi:\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJPH-08-2016-0040","journal-title":"International Journal of Prisoner Health"},{"key":"5103_CR3","unstructured":"Expert Report of Louise C. Hawkley, Judge: Honorable Claudia Wilken. United States District Court Northern District of California Oakland Division: Todd Ashker, et Al., Plaintiffs, v. Governor of the State of California, et Al., Defendants.; 2015. \nhttps:\/\/ccrjustice.org\/sites\/default\/files\/attach\/2015\/07\/Hawkley\n\n Expert Report.pdf. Last accessed March 18, 2019."},{"issue":"8","key":"5103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1430","volume":"162","author":"Michelle C. Odden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Odden MC, Pletcher MJ, Coxson PG, et al. Cost-effectiveness and population impact of statins for primary prevention in adults aged 75 years or older in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2015. 162(8):533-41. doi:\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-1430","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"5103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Resnik, Judith and VanCleave, Anna and Bell, Kristen and Harrington, Alexandra and Conyers, Gregory and McCarthy, Catherine and Tumas, Jenny and Wang, Annie, Reforming Restrictive Housing: The 2018 ASCA-Liman Nationwide Survey of Time-in-Cell (October 10, 2018). Yale Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 656. Available at SSRN: \nhttps:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3264350or\n\n\n\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3264350\n\n. Last accessed March 18, 2019.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3264350"},{"key":"5103_CR6","unstructured":"2014 ACLU Foundation. ACLU Briefing Paper: The Dangerous Overuse of Solitary Confinement in the United States. New York; 2014. \nhttps:\/\/www.aclu.org\/report\/dangerous-overuse-solitary-confinement-united-states\n\n. Last accessed March 18, 2019."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,21]],"date-time":"2020-06-21T00:08:30Z","timestamp":1592698110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["5103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-019-05103-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Dr. Williams has served as an expert witness and as a court consultant in legal cases related to prison conditions of confinement. These relationships have included the National American Civil Liberties Union; Squire Patton Boggs; the Center for Constitutional Rights; and others. Dr. Williams was an informal consultant on a different aspect of the case described in this study and did not testify about it in court. No organization played a role in the decision to write this manuscript or in the analysis described in this manuscript. No other authors have conflicts of interest to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Sponsors played no role in the design and conduct of this study or in preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}