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Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either: (1) invitation to participate in a series of SMAs totaling 8\u20139\u00a0h; or (2) continuation of usual care. Relative change in A1c (primary outcome) and in systolic blood pressure, insulin starts, statin starts, and anti-hypertensive medication classes (secondary outcomes) were measured as part of usual clinical care at baseline, at 6\u00a0months and at 12\u00a0months (~7\u00a0months after conclusion of the final SMA in four of five sites). We examined outcomes in three samples of SMA participants: all those scheduled for a SMA, those attending at least one SMA, and those attending at least half of SMAs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Baseline mean A1c was 9.0%. Participants scheduled for an SMA achieved A1c reductions 0.35% points greater than the control group between baseline and 6-months follow up (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .001). Those who attended at least one SMA achieved reductions 0.42 % points greater (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), and those who attended at least half of scheduled SMAs achieved reductions 0.53 % points greater (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) than the control group. At 12-month follow-up, the three SMA analysis samples achieved reductions from baseline ranging from 0.16 % points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.12) to 0.29 % points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .06) greater than the control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diabetes SMAs as implemented in real-life diverse clinical practices improve glycemic control more than usual care immediately after the SMAs, but relative gains are not maintained. Our findings suggest the need for further study of whether a longer term SMA model or other follow-up strategies would sustain relative clinical improvements associated with this intervention.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02132676<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06570-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1612293584000},"page":"1648-1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluating the Effectiveness of Diabetes Shared Medical Appointments (SMAs) as Implemented in Five Veterans Affairs Health Systems: a Multi-site Cluster Randomized Pragmatic Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Heisler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Cass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Chardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Guirguis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorrie A.","family":"Strohecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna M.","family":"Zulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligthart S, wan Herpt TTW, Leening MJG, et al. 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