{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:53:01Z","timestamp":1786981981696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horowitz Family Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37-DA15612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-DA15612"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-1656518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1656518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000919","name":"Open Society Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000919","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T18:02:31Z","timestamp":1626890551000},"page":"3096-3102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["COVID-19 in the California State Prison System: an Observational Study of Decarceration, Ongoing Risks, and Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Ryckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Leidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Alarid-Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Studdert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4007-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Goldhaber-Fiebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"7022_CR1","unstructured":"CDC COVID Data Tracker. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Updated November 25, 2020. . https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#correctional-facilities"},{"key":"7022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kennedy BS, Richeson RP, Houde AJ. Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 in a Statewide Correctional System. NEJM. November 24, 2020.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2029354"},{"key":"7022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagan LM, Williams SP, Spaulding AC, et al. Mass Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in 16 Prisons and Jails - Six Jurisdictions, United States, April-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(33):1139-1143. Published 2020 Aug 21. 10.15585\/mmwr.mm6933a3","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6933a3"},{"key":"7022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez MC, Cowger TL, Simon LE, Behn M, Cassarino N, Bassett MT. Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Incarcerated Individuals and Staff in Massachusetts Jails and Prisons. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(8):e2018851. Published 2020 Aug 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18851","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.18851"},{"key":"7022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Njuguna H, Wallace M, Simonson S, et al. Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Incarcerated and Detained Persons in a Correctional and Detention Facility - Louisiana, April-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(26):836-840. Published 2020 Jul 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6926e2","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6926e2"},{"issue":"8","key":"7022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00652","volume":"39","author":"E Reinhart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reinhart E, Chen DL. Incarceration And Its Disseminations: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons From Chicago\u2019s Cook County Jail. Health Aff (Millwood). 2020;39(8):1412-1418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00652","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)."},{"issue":"1","key":"7022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0391","volume":"103","author":"J Solis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solis J, Franco-Paredes C, Henao-Mart\u00ednez AF, Krsak M, Zimmer SM. Structural Vulnerability in the U.S. Revealed in Three Waves of COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(1):25-27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0391","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"7022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wallace M, Hagan L, Curran KG, Williams SP, Handanagic S, Bjork A, Davidson SL, Lawrence RT, McLaughlin J, Butterfield M, James AE, Patil N, Lucas K, Hutchinson J, Sosa L, Jara A, Griffin P, Simonson S, Brown CM, Smoyer S, Weinberg M, Pattee B, Howell M, Donahue M, Hesham S, Shelley E, Philips G, Selvage D, Staley EM, Lee A, Mannell M, McCotter O, Villalobos R, Bell L, Diedhiou A, Ortbahn D, Clayton JL, Sanders K, Cranford H, Barbeau B, McCombs KG, Holsinger C, Kwit NA, Pringle JC, Kariko S, Strick L, Allord M, Tillman C, Morrison A, Rowe D, Marlow M. COVID-19 in Correctional and Detention Facilities - United States, February-April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 May 15;69(19):587-590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e1.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6919e1"},{"issue":"6","key":"7022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12528","volume":"324","author":"B Saloner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saloner B, Parish K, Ward JA, DiLaura G, Dolovich S. COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons. JAMA. 2020;324(6):602-603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.12528","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"7022_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215013272095468","DOI":"10.1177\/2150132720954687","volume":"11","author":"K Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali K, Rao S, Berdine G, Test V, Nugent K. A Retrospective Analysis and Comparison of Prisoners and Community-Based Patients with COVID-19 Requiring Intensive Care During the First Phase of the Pandemic in West Texas. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020;11:2150132720954687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2150132720954687","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"7022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198120927318","volume":"47","author":"BF Henry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henry BF. Social Distancing and Incarceration: Policy and Management Strategies to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission and Promote Health Equity Through Decarceration. Health Educ Behav. 2020;47(4):536-539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198120927318","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"7022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000718","volume":"14","author":"S Bandara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandara S, Kennedy-Hendricks A, Merritt S, Barry CL, Saloner B. Early Effects of COVID-19 on Programs Providing Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in Jails and Prisons. J Addict Med. 2020;14(5):e257-e260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000718","journal-title":"J Addict Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"7022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05968-y","volume":"35","author":"DH Cloud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cloud DH, Ahalt C, Augustine D, Sears D, Williams B. Medical Isolation and Solitary Confinement: Balancing Health and Humanity in US Jails and Prisons During COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35(9):2738-2742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-020-05968-y","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"7022_CR14","unstructured":"COVID-19 Guidance for Shared or Congregate Housing. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Updated August 22, 2020. Accessed November 18, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/community\/shared-congregate-house\/guidance-shared-congregate-housing.html"},{"key":"7022_CR15","unstructured":"Interim Guidance on Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Correctional and Detention Facilities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Updated October 21, 2020. Accessed November 25, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/community\/correction-detention\/guidance-correctional-detention.html"},{"key":"7022_CR16","first-page":"2019","volume":"2","author":"Improving California\u2019s Prison Inmate Classification System. Legislative Analyst\u2019s Office","year":"2019","unstructured":"Improving California\u2019s Prison Inmate Classification System. Legislative Analyst\u2019s Office. 2019. Updated May 2, 2019. Accessed November 25, 2020. https:\/\/lao.ca.gov\/Publications\/Report\/4023","journal-title":"Updated May"},{"key":"7022_CR17","unstructured":"Continuing Education. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Year. Updated. Accessed November 25, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdcr.ca.gov\/rehabilitation\/ce\/"},{"key":"7022_CR18","unstructured":"Academic and Vocational Education Programs Progress Report. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. 2009. Updated February 3, 2009. Accessed November 25, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdcr.ca.gov\/news\/2009\/02\/03\/academic-and-vocational-education-programs-progress-repor"},{"key":"7022_CR19","unstructured":"Monthly Total Population Report Archive. Year. Accessed November 25, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdcr.ca.gov\/research\/monthly-total-population-report-archive-2019\/"},{"key":"7022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K\u0131rb\u0131y\u0131k U, Binder AM, Ghinai I, Zawitz C, Levin R, Samala U, Smith MB, Gubser J, Jones B, Varela K, Rafinski J, Fitzgerald A, Orris P, Bahls A, Welbel S, Mennella C, Black SR, Armstrong PA. Network Characteristics and Visualization of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Large Detention Facility in the United States \u2013 Cook County, Illinois, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 6;69(44):1625-1630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6944a3.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6944a3"},{"issue":"1","key":"7022_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002737","volume":"16","author":"TS Mabud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mabud TS, de Lourdes Delgado Alves M, Ko AI, Basu S, Walter KS, Cohen T, Mathema B, Colijn C, Lemos E, Croda J, Andrews JR. Evaluating strategies for control of tuberculosis in prisons and prevention of spillover into communities: An observational and modeling study from Brazil. PLoS Med. 2019 Jan 24;16(1):e1002737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002737.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"7022_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0654","volume":"22","author":"T Morasert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morasert T, Worapas W, Kaewmahit R, Uphala W. Prevalence and risk factors associated with tuberculosis disease in Suratthani Central Prison, Thailand. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018 Oct 1;22(10):1203-1209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.17.0654.","journal-title":"Thailand. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis."},{"key":"7022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang EA, Western B, Berwick DM. COVID-19, Decarceration, and the Role of Clinicians, Health Systems, and Payers: A Report From the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [published online ahead of print, 2020 Nov 16]. JAMA. 2020;10.1001\/jama.2020.22109. 10.1001\/jama.2020.22109","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22109"},{"key":"7022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Decarcerating Correctional Facilities during COVID-19: Advancing Health, Equity, and Safety. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25945.","DOI":"10.17226\/25945"},{"key":"7022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chin ET, Leidner D, Ryckman T, Liu YE, Prince L, Alarid-Escudero F, Andrews JR, Salomon JA, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Studdert DM. Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance in California State Prisons. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 12;NEJMc2105282.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2105282.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2105282"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T20:04:48Z","timestamp":1658347488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07022-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.03.04.21252942","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}