{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:22:22Z","timestamp":1792030942772,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"u.s. department of veterans affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HSR&D IK2 HX002402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSR&D IK2 HX002402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"u.s. department of veterans affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSR&D I01 CX001119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSR&D I01 CX001119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"u.s. department of veterans affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA Research Career Scientist Award (IK6 CX002386)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA Research Career Scientist Award (IK6 CX002386)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Rates of suicide and unintended overdose death are high among midlife and older women, yet there is paucity of data identifying women at greatest risk. Psychoactive medications, commonly prescribed and co-prescribed in this population, may serve as salient indicators of risk for these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To determine whether long-term psychoactive medications and psychoactive polypharmacy predict risk of suicide and unintended overdose death among midlife and older women Veterans above and beyond other recognized factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Longitudinal cohort study<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Women Veterans aged \u2265 50 with at least one Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinical encounter in FY2012\u20132013.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long-term psychoactive medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics, prescribed for \u2265 90\/180 days) and psychoactive polypharmacy (overlapping for \u2265 1 day) from VHA pharmacy records; suicide and unintended overdose death through December 31, 2018.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this national sample of 154,558 midlife and older women Veterans (mean age 63.4, SD 9.3 years), 130 died by suicide and 175 died from unintentional overdose over an average of 5.6 years. In fully adjusted models, long-term opioids (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% CI 1.21\u20133.35) and benzodiazepines (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.82\u20134.91) were associated with death by suicide; opioids (HR 3.62, 95% CI 2.46\u20135.34), benzodiazepines (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.73\u20134.42), sedative-hypnotics (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.06\u20133.29), antidepressants (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03\u20132.12), antipsychotics (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.02\u20133.22), and antiepileptics (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.48\u20133.19) were associated with unintended overdose death. Women who were co-prescribed \u2265 3 psychoactive medications had over 2-fold increased risk of suicide (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.65\u20134.84) and unintended overdose death (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.72\u20133.94).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long-term psychoactive medications and psychoactive medication polypharmacy were important indicators of risk for death by suicide and death by unintended overdose among midlife and older women Veterans, even after accounting for psychiatric and substance use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T01:03:28Z","timestamp":1661907808000},"page":"770-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Long-term Psychoactive Medications, Polypharmacy, and Risk of Suicide and Unintended Overdose Death Among Midlife and Older Women Veterans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8829-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn J.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guneet K.","family":"Jasuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salomeh","family":"Keyhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Byers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"7592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7008a1","volume":"70","author":"DM Stone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stone DM, Jones CM, Mack KA. Changes in Suicide Rates - United States, 2018-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(8):261-268.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"7592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.16m10713","volume":"78","author":"DT Maust","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maust DT, Blow FC, Wiechers IR, Kales HC, Marcus SC. National Trends in Antidepressant, Benzodiazepine, and Other Sedative-Hypnotic Treatment of Older Adults in Psychiatric and Primary Care. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(4):e363-e371.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"issue":"12","key":"7592_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180646","volume":"100","author":"CI Campbell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Campbell CI, Weisner C, Leresche L, et al. Age and gender trends in long-term opioid analgesic use for noncancer pain. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2541-2547.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"key":"7592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown TL, Gutierrez PM, Grunwald GK, DiGuiseppi C, Valuck RJ, Anderson HD. Access to Psychotropic Medication via Prescription Is Associated With Choice of Psychotropic Medication as Suicide Method: A Retrospective Study of 27,876 Suicide Attempts. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018;79(6).","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17m11982"},{"key":"7592_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.011","volume":"63","author":"P Pfeifer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pfeifer P, Greusing S, Kupferschmidt H, Bartsch C, Reisch T. A comprehensive analysis of attempted and fatal suicide cases involving frequently used psychotropic medications. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;63:16-20.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"7592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00967.x","volume":"54","author":"S Darke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Darke S, Duflou J, Torok M. Toxicology and circumstances of completed suicide by means other than overdose. J Forensic Sci. 2009;54(2):490-494.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci."},{"key":"7592_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001433","volume":"59","author":"CJ Gibson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gibson CJ, Li Y, Jasuja GK, Self KJ, Seal KH, Byers AL. Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Suicide in a National Sample of Midlife and Older Women Veterans. Med Care. 2021;59:S70-S76.","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"7592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmichael AE, Schier JG, Mack KA. Drugs and Drug Classes Involved in Overdose Deaths Among Females, United States: 1999-2017. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2021.","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8778"},{"issue":"10","key":"7592_CR9","first-page":"938","volume":"21","author":"N Qureshi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qureshi N, Wesolowicz LA, Liu CM, Tungol Lin A. Effectiveness of a Retrospective Drug Utilization Review on Potentially Unsafe Opioid and Central Nervous System Combination Therapy. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2015;21(10):938-944.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm."},{"issue":"10","key":"7592_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002396","volume":"14","author":"T Gomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomes T, Juurlink DN, Antoniou T, Mamdani MM, Paterson JM, van den Brink W. Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid-related death: A population-based nested case-control study. PLoS Med. 2017;14(10):e1002396.","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-015-0055-0","volume":"3","author":"GA Collett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collett GA, Song K, Jaramillo CA, Potter JS, Finley EP, Pugh MJ. Prevalence of Central Nervous System Polypharmacy and Associations with Overdose and Suicide-Related Behaviors in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans in VA Care 2010-2011. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2016;3(1):45-52.","journal-title":"Drugs Real World Outcomes."},{"key":"7592_CR12","unstructured":"CDC. Prescription Painkiller Overdoses: A Growing Epidemic, Especially Among Women. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vitalsigns\/prescriptionpainkilleroverdoses\/index.html. Published 2017. Accessed April 5, 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"7592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.018","volume":"131","author":"S Calcaterra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calcaterra S, Glanz J, Binswanger IA. National trends in pharmaceutical opioid related overdose deaths compared to other substance related overdose deaths: 1999-2009. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013;131(3):263-270.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"7592_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.053","volume":"137","author":"M Moitra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moitra M, Santomauro D, Degenhardt L, et al. Estimating the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;137:242-249.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"7592_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gradus JL, Rosellini AJ, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, et al. Prediction of Sex-Specific Suicide Risk Using Machine Learning and Single-Payer Health Care Registry Data From Denmark. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2905"},{"issue":"3","key":"7592_CR16","first-page":"e58","volume":"25","author":"GK Jasuja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jasuja GK, Reisman JI, Weiner R, Christopher ML, Rose AJ. Gender differences in prescribing of zolpidem in the Veterans Health Administration. The American journal of managed care. 2019;25(3):e58-e65.","journal-title":"The American journal of managed care."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7592_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S542","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-012-2260-9","volume":"28","author":"NC Bernardy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernardy NC, Lund BC, Alexander B, Jenkyn AB, Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ. Gender differences in prescribing among veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;28 Suppl 2:S542-548.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"key":"7592_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cichowski SB, Rogers RG, Komesu Y, et al. A 10-yr Analysis of Chronic Pelvic Pain and Chronic Opioid Therapy in the Women Veteran Population. Mil Med. 2018.","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy114"},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12501","volume":"16","author":"EM Oliva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oliva EM, Midboe AM, Lewis ET, et al. Sex differences in chronic pain management practices for patients receiving opioids from the Veterans Health Administration. Pain Med. 2015;16(1):112-118.","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"7592_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17141","volume":"2","author":"GK Jasuja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jasuja GK, Ameli O, Reisman JI, et al. Health Outcomes Among Long-term Opioid Users With Testosterone Prescription in the Veterans Health Administration. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(12):e1917141.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"10","key":"7592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05242-w","volume":"34","author":"CJ Gibson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibson CJ, Li Y, Huang AJ, Rife T, Seal KH. Menopausal Symptoms and Higher Risk Opioid Prescribing in a National Sample of Women Veterans with Chronic Pain. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(10):2159-2166.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"7592_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3199-4","volume":"30","author":"BJ Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner BJ, Liang Y. Drug Overdose in a Retrospective Cohort with Non-Cancer Pain Treated with Opioids, Antidepressants, and\/or Sedative-Hypnotics: Interactions with Mental Health Disorders. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(8):1081-1096.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0621-2","volume":"17","author":"N Masnoon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"7592_CR24","first-page":"536","volume":"24","author":"GK Jasuja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jasuja GK, Ameli O, Miller DR, et al. Overdose risk for veterans receiving opioids from multiple sources. Am J Manag Care. 2018;24(11):536-540.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care."},{"key":"7592_CR25","unstructured":"Affairs DoV. VA Suicide Prevention Program: Facts About Veteran Suicide. In:2016."},{"key":"7592_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.12.001","volume":"51","author":"K Moazzami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moazzami K, Dolmatova EV, Feurdean M. Suicidal ideation among adults with cardiovascular disease: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018;51:5-9.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"7592_CR27","unstructured":"AL B, LC B, RT M, DT M. Adverse Outcomes, Polysubstance Use, and Polypharmacy in Older Veterans. 2020 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) Annual Meeting: Abstracts; 2020; Bethesda, MD."},{"issue":"4","key":"7592_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767","volume":"67","author":"By the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert P","year":"2019","unstructured":"By the American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria Update Expert P. American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria(R) for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):674-694.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"7592_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12482","volume":"49","author":"T Bullman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bullman T, Schneiderman A, Gradus JL. Relative Importance of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression in Predicting Risk of Suicide among a Cohort of Vietnam Veterans. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2019;49(3):838-845.","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"7592_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006859","volume":"36","author":"NK Tang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang NK, Crane C. Suicidality in chronic pain: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and psychological links. Psychol Med. 2006;36(5):575-586.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6901a1","volume":"69","author":"GK Strickler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strickler GK, Kreiner PW, Halpin JF, Doyle E, Paulozzi LJ. Opioid Prescribing Behaviors - Prescription Behavior Surveillance System, 11 States, 2010-2016. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2020;69(1):1-14.","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ."},{"issue":"9","key":"7592_CR32","first-page":"1","volume":"67","author":"H Hedegaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hedegaard H, Bastian BA, Trinidad JP, Spencer M, Warner M. Drugs Most Frequently Involved in Drug Overdose Deaths: United States, 2011-2016. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2018;67(9):1-14.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep."},{"key":"7592_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108609","volume":"221","author":"GA Bushnell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bushnell GA, Olfson M, Martins SS. Sex differences in US emergency department non-fatal visits for benzodiazepine poisonings in adolescents and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;221:108609.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"issue":"4","key":"7592_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.03.040","volume":"49","author":"CM Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones CM, McAninch JK. Emergency Department Visits and Overdose Deaths From Combined Use of Opioids and Benzodiazepines. Am J Prev Med. 2015;49(4):493-501.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"7592_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1687902","volume":"58","author":"K Reynolds","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reynolds K, Kaufman R, Korenoski A, Fennimore L, Shulman J, Lynch M. Trends in gabapentin and baclofen exposures reported to U.S. poison centers. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020;58(7):763-772.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"7592_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l2147","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l2147","volume":"365","author":"Y Molero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Molero Y, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM, Sharp DJ, Fazel S. Associations between gabapentinoids and suicidal behaviour, unintentional overdoses, injuries, road traffic incidents, and violent crime: population based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ. 2019;365:l2147.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"7592_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0086","volume":"179","author":"CW Goodman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goodman CW, Brett AS. A Clinical Overview of Off-label Use of Gabapentinoid Drugs. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(5):695-701.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"7592_CR38","volume":"1","author":"TE Cooper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cooper TE, Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA. Gabapentin for fibromyalgia pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;1:CD012188.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"7592_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berlin RK, Butler PM, Perloff MD. Gabapentin Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2015;17(5).","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.15r01821"},{"key":"7592_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: 2015 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2015;22(11):1155-1172; quiz 1173-1154.","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000546"},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.01.023","volume":"72","author":"T Guttuso Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guttuso T, Jr. Effective and clinically meaningful non-hormonal hot flash therapies. Maturitas. 2012;72(1):6-12.","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"issue":"1","key":"7592_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7399","volume":"2","author":"SD Agarwal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agarwal SD, Landon BE. Patterns in Outpatient Benzodiazepine Prescribing in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(1):e187399.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"7592_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108504","volume":"219","author":"MC Figgatt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Figgatt MC, Austin AE, Cox ME, Proescholdbell S, Marshall SW, Naumann RB. Trends in unintentional polysubstance overdose deaths and individual and community correlates of polysubstance overdose, North Carolina, 2009-2018. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;219:108504.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"7592_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h2698","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2698","volume":"350","author":"TW Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park TW, Saitz R, Ganoczy D, Ilgen MA, Bohnert AS. Benzodiazepine prescribing patterns and deaths from drug overdose among US veterans receiving opioid analgesics: case-cohort study. BMJ. 2015;350:h2698.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"8","key":"7592_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4047-5","volume":"32","author":"K Seal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seal K, Becker W, Tighe J, Li Y, Rife T. Managing chronic pain in primary care: it really does take a village. Journal of general internal medicine. 2017;32(8):931-934.","journal-title":"Journal of general internal medicine."},{"issue":"4","key":"7592_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13195","volume":"75","author":"M Takeshima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takeshima M, Otsubo T, Funada D, et al. Does cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders assist the discontinuation of benzodiazepines among patients with anxiety disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021;75(4):119-127.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"7592_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101214","volume":"48","author":"Y Takaesu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takaesu Y, Utsumi T, Okajima I, et al. Psychosocial intervention for discontinuing benzodiazepine hypnotics in patients with chronic insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2019;48:101214.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"7592_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1002","volume":"72","author":"AC Tsai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsai AC, Lucas M, Kawachi I. Association Between Social Integration and Suicide Among Women in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(10):987-993.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]],"date-time":"2022-09-16T15:17:41Z","timestamp":1663341461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["7592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07592-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}