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Whether its effects are uniform across the spectrum of age and among men and women is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a pre-specified analysis in DAPA-CKD to evaluate efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin according to baseline age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 4304 adults with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25\u201375 mL\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200\u20135000 mg\/g) with and without type 2 diabetes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dapagliflozin 10 mg versus placebo once daily.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary endpoint was a composite of \u2265 50% sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, and kidney or cardiovascular death. Secondary endpoints included kidney composite endpoint (same as primary composite endpoint but without cardiovascular death), cardiovascular composite endpoint (hospitalized heart failure or cardiovascular death), and all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median follow-up was 2.4 years. Absolute risks of cardiovascular composite endpoint and all-cause mortality were higher in older patients. Absolute risk of kidney composite endpoint was highest in patients &lt; 50 years (10.7 and 6.2 per 100 patient-years in the placebo and dapagliflozin groups, respectively) and lowest in patients \u2265 80 years (3.0 and 1.2 per 100 patient-years in the placebo and dapagliflozin groups, respectively). There was no evidence of heterogeneity of the effects of dapagliflozin on the primary or secondary endpoints based on age or sex. Neither age nor sex modified the effects of dapagliflozin on total or chronic eGFR slope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dapagliflozin reduced the risks of mortality, cardiovascular events, and CKD progression in older patients, including in septuagenarians and octogenarians who comprised 25% of participants. Ageism and\/or therapeutic nihilism should not discourage the use of dapagliflozin in older women and men who are likely to experience considerable benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registry<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>NIH Trial Registry Number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT03036150<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08397-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T12:02:11Z","timestamp":1702555331000},"page":"921-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effects of Dapagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Age and by Sex"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Margaret K.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Vart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Jongs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correa-Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.V.","family":"McMurray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan-Fan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Douthat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Khullar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Langkilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiddo J. 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He has received grants from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novo Nordisk; and honoraria as a speaker fees from From AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Amgen, and Janssen. He has received support for a leadership\/fiduciary role from the Latin American Society of Nephrology as a member of the Diabetes Committee.PR has received honoraria to Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen for steering group participation from AstraZeneca for this manuscript. He has received grants from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, and Bayer; and consulting fees from Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Gilead, Novo Nordisk, Merck, and Sanofi. He has also received honoraria\/payment from Eli-Lilly as speaker fees.JJVM has received payments to his employer, Glasgow University, as support on the current manuscript from AstraZeneca. He has received payment\/honoraria for lecture fees from Abbott, Alkem Metabolics, Eris Lifesciences, Astra Zeneca, Blue Ocean Scientific Solutions Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim, Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eris Lifesciences, European Academy of CME, Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Imagica Health, Intas Pharmaceuticals, J.B. Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Medscape\/Heart.Org., ProAdWise Communications, Radcliffe Cardiology, Sun Pharmaceuticals, The Corpus, Translation Research Group, Translational Medicine Academy. His institution has also received fees for his work on clinical trials, consulting and other activities from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bayer, cardurion, Cytokinetics, Glaxo Smith Kline, KBP Biosciences and Novartis. He has received fees from George Clinical PTY Ltd for participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board.F-FH has received honoraria from AstraZeneca for serving as an executive committee member and a national leader in DAPA-CKD study.WD has received honoraria and\/or consultancy fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Ultragenix.DK received support from AstraZeneca for being the national research lead from India for the DAPA-CKD study.AML is an employee and stockholder of AstraZeneca.DCW has received support from AstraZeneca for the current manuscript and consultancy fees from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eledon, GlaxoSmithKline, Gillead, George Clinical, Galderma Janssen, Mundipharma, Merck Sharp and Dohme, ProKidney, Tricida, Vifor, and Zydus. He has received honoraria from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Intas, and Vifor; and travel grants from AstraZeneca, Astellas. He has received a grant for the NIHR HTA programme and has played a leadership\/fiduciary role as the NIHR National specialty Lead for Renal Disorders (UK).HJLH has received a grant\/contract from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Novo Nordisk and has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL Behring, Bayer, Chinook, Dimerix, EliLilly, Gilead, Goldfinch, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Janssen, Travere Pharmaceuticals. He has received honoraria from AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk. He has received a travel grant from Eli-Lilly.GMC has served on the Board of Directors of Satellite Healthcare, a non-profit dialysis provider. He has served as Chair or Co-Chair of Trial Steering Committees with Akebia, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Sanifit, and Vertex. He has served as an Advisor to Applaud, Ardelyx, CloudCath, Durect, Eliaz Therapeutics, Miromatrix, Outset, Physiowave, Renibus, and Unicycive. He has served on Data Safety Monitoring Boards with Bayer, Mineralys, and ReCor.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interests:"}}]}}