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We performed hierarchical cluster analysis to identify phenotypic profiles of these patients and their risks of residual thromboembolic events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilised data from non-valvular AF patients on OACs, as documented in phases II and III of the GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Anti-thrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) registry. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis to identify distinct phenotypic profiles. We compared the incidence and risks of thromboembolic events (composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or systemic embolism) and related outcomes (major bleeding and all-cause death) across the profiles. We determined the optimal number of profiles through visual inspection of the generated dendrograms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 22,410 patients (mean age 70\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u00a0years; 56% male), from which five phenotypes were identified: profile 1 (\u201cuncontrolled hypertension\u201d), profile 2 (\u201cyoung with a history of coronary artery disease\u201d), profile 3 (\u201cyoung and obese\u201d), profile 4 (\u201cfrailty\u201d), and profile 5 (\u201cnon-paroxysmal AF with tachycardia\u201d). Profile 4 was associated with the highest rates of thromboembolic events (1.66\/100 person-years [95% confidence interval, 1.46\u20131.89]), major bleeding (1.92\/100 person-years [1.70\u20132.16]), and death (6.02\/100 person-years [5.62\u20136.43]). Profile 3 was associated with the lowest risk across all measured outcomes (thromboembolic events, 0.64 events\/100 person-years [0.48\u20130.82]; major bleeding, 0.83 events\/100 person-years [0.65\u20131.04]; and death, 1.44 events\/100 person-years [1.21\u20131.71]). Profile 1 had a moderate thromboembolic event rate (1.04\/100 person-years [0.91\u20131.08]), while profiles 2 and 5 showed lower rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotypic profiles of patients with AF prescribed OACs identified using hierarchical cluster analysis are associated with distinct residual thromboembolic risks and related outcomes. This approach has the potential to enhance patient risk-stratification and holistic approaches to management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; F\/U, follow-up; HTN, hypertension; IS, ischaemic stroke; NVAF, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; OACs, oral anticoagulants; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; SE, systemic embolism; TE, thromboembolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-09045-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T17:22:32Z","timestamp":1727284952000},"page":"1227-1237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Residual Risks of Thrombotic Complications in Anticoagulated Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Cluster Analysis Approach from the GLORIA-AF Registry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hironori","family":"Ishiguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1318-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmil H.","family":"Abdul-Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Ho Man","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Olshansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze-Fan","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno V.","family":"Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y. 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No fees are received personally. He is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator and co-PI of the AFFIRMO project on multimorbidity in AF (grant agreement No 899871), TARGET project on digital twins for personalised management of atrial fibrillation and stroke (grant agreement No 101136244), and ARISTOTELES project on artificial intelligence for management of chronic long-term conditions (grant agreement No 101080189), which are all funded by the EU\u2019s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme.AHAR reports Member of the Editorial Board of Stroke and European Stroke Journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest:"}},{"value":"The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of this study, all study analyses, the drafting and editing of the manuscript, and its final contents.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer:"}}]}}