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We assessed the effect of training PCPs to offer smoking cessation treatments to current smokers as the default choice using an encounter decision aid (DA) on smoking cessation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial with PCPs in private practice in Switzerland and France. The intervention was a half-day course teaching PCPs the default choice approach using a DA. Control PCPs received a 1-h refresher training on smoking cessation aids. PCPs recruited daily smokers seen for routine care. The primary outcome was self-reported, 7-day, point prevalence smoking abstinence at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were quit attempts and use of smoking cessation aids at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, and a patient-reported measure of shared decision-making (CollaboRATE scale 1\u201310, higher scores = more involvement).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-two PCPs completed the training (76% Swiss) and recruited 287 current smokers (105 intervention group, 182 control group), with 51% women, mean age 48 (SD, 2.6), 77% who smoked &lt;20 cigarettes\/day, and 221 who responded at 6 months follow-up (77%). The intervention did not affect self-reported smoking abstinence rate at 6 months (9.5% intervention and 10.4% control groups, respectively; OR 0.88 (95%CI 0.37\u20132.10). It did however increase the number of quit attempts at 3 weeks (OR 2.09, 95%CI 1.04\u20134.20) and the use of smoking cessation aids at the 3-week and 3-month follow-ups (OR 2.57, 95%CI 1.21\u20135.45 and OR 2.00, 95%CI 1.11\u20133.60, respectively). The mean CollaboRATE score was 8.05\/10 in the intervention group and 7.28\/10 in the control group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02), reflecting more patient involvement in decision-making.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training PCPs to use a decision aid did not improve smoking abstinence rate, despite short-term increases in quit attempts and use of smoking cessation aids. It improved patient involvement in decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04868474.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-09088-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1728493297000},"page":"3078-3085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Combining Default Choices and an Encounter Decision Aid to Improve Tobacco Cessation in Primary Care Patients: A Pragmatic, Cluster-Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9096-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Selby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Habfast-Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Anne","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Hempel-Bruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Boesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Kazaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Faouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Berlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10292","key":"9088_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01169-7","volume":"397","author":"MB Reitsma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reitsma MB, Kendrick PJ, Ababneh E, et al. 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She receives consulting income from EBSCO Health, and royalties. No other competing interests declared from her or the other investigators.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest:"}}]}}