{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T07:14:54Z","timestamp":1791616494151,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Millions of Americans affected by Long COVID (LC) report difficulty accessing care and support. One barrier is obtaining a diagnosis. In response, US federal agencies commissioned a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) committee to re-examine the existing federal definitions for LC. The Committee concluded that LC is \u201can infection-associated chronic condition (IACC) occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection that is present for at least 3\u00a0months as a continuous, relapsing and remitting, or progressive disease state that can present as singular or multiple symptoms and\/or diagnosable conditions.\u201d The full report was released in June 2024. We briefly highlight features and aspects of the definition that may help clinicians identify those who remain undiagnosed and improve care for all LC patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T11:03:03Z","timestamp":1741604583000},"page":"2024-2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Long COVID Definition: What Clinicians Need to Know"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0691-3586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karyn","family":"Bishof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail A.","family":"Dumes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wesley Ely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paule V.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea B.","family":"Troxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine (NASEM) Committee on Examining the Working Definition for Long COVID","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9415_CR1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Long COVID - Household Pulse Survey - COVID-19. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/covid19\/pulse\/long-covid.htm. Accessed on 19 November 2024."},{"key":"9415_CR2","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences Engineering, and Medicine. A Long COVID Definition: A Chronic, Systemic Disease State with Profound Consequences. Available at : https:\/\/nap.nationalacademies.org\/catalog\/27768\/a-long-covid-definition-a-chronic-systemic-disease-state-with. Accessed 21 November 2024."},{"issue":"18","key":"9415_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb2408466","volume":"391","author":"EW Ely","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ely EW, Brown LM, Fineberg HV. Long COVID defined.\u00a0N Engl J Med. 2024;391(18):1746-1753.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"9415_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.07.004","volume":"96","author":"L Bateman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bateman L, Bested AC, Bonilla HF, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: essentials of diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021; 96(11):2861\u201378.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"9415_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","volume":"38","author":"HE Davis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing Long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101019.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"9415_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29513-z","volume":"13","author":"VT Tran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tran VT, Porcher R, Pane I, et al. Course of post COVID-19 disease symptoms over time in the ComPaRe Long COVID prospective e-cohort. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1812.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"9415_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms, and recommendations.\u00a0Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133-146.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"9415_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200159","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200159","volume":"10","author":"ZS Orban","year":"2023","unstructured":"Orban ZS, Visvabharathy L, Perez Giraldo GS, et al. SARS-CoV-2\u2013specific immune responses in patients with postviral syndrome after suspected COVID-19. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2023;10(6):e200159.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"9","key":"9415_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0737","volume":"177","author":"KM Erlandson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Erlandson KM, Geng LN, Selvaggi CA, et al. Differentiation of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and postacute sequelae by standard clinical laboratory measurements in the recover cohort.\u00a0Ann Intern Med. 2024;177(9):1209-1221.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"9415_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106297","volume":"89","author":"A Dehlia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dehlia A, Guthridge MA. The persistence of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2024;89(6):106297.","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"9415_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seeley MC, Gallagher C, Ong E, et al. High incidence of autonomic dysfunction and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in patients with Long-COVID: Implications for management and healthcare planning. Am J Med. 2023; S0002934323004023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.06.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.06.010"},{"issue":"4","key":"9415_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2024.101650","volume":"17","author":"K Goddard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Goddard K, Myers A, Ipsen C. The hidden crisis: Long COVID\u2019s association with housing stability and home accessibility among people with disabilities. Disabil Health J. 2024;17(4):101650.","journal-title":"Disabil Health J."},{"key":"9415_CR13","unstructured":"US Social Security Administration. Long COVID: A guide for health professionals on providing medical evidence for Social Security disability claims. Available from: https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/disability\/professionals\/documents\/EN-64-128.pdf. Accessed 19 November 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"9415_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00387-9","volume":"12","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang H, Huang C, Gu X, et al. 3-year outcomes of discharged survivors of COVID-19 following the SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) wave in 2022 in China: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2024 Jan;12(1):55\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9415_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.06.018","volume":"62","author":"J Dumit","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dumit J. Illnesses you have to fight to get: facts as forces in uncertain, emergent illnesses.\u00a0Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(3):577-590.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med."},{"key":"9415_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2022.100167","volume":"2","author":"L Au","year":"2022","unstructured":"Au L, Capotescu C, Eyal G, Finestone G. Long COVID and medical gaslighting: Dismissal, delayed diagnosis, and deferred treatment.\u00a0Ssm Qual Res Health. 2022;2:100167.","journal-title":"Ssm Qual Res Health."},{"key":"9415_CR17","unstructured":"CDC. Clinical overview of Long COVID. COVID-19. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html. Accessed 19 November 2024."},{"key":"9415_CR18","unstructured":"Office of the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services. Open letter to National Academies for Long COVID definition. Available at: https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/nasem-open-letter.pdf. Accessed 19 November 2024."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T07:31:26Z","timestamp":1757143886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["9415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09415-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"LC is vice president (uncompensated) for the International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome\/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. She also has personal experience with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. KB is founder and president of the COVID-19 Longhauler Advocacy Project and co-founder of the Long COVID Alliance. She is also a person with Long COVID. EWE reports grants from the National Institutes of Health\/Veterans Administration and non-financial support from Eli Lilly, outside the submitted work. AAD, PVJ, and ABT report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}