{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T23:51:33Z","timestamp":1780444293122,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Excessive alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable death in the USA, and the number of annual deaths from alcohol more than doubles the number from drug overdose. As newer glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like semaglutide have increased in use, anecdotal reports suggest they may reduce craving for alcohol and other addictive substances. Given this increased attention, this perspective reviews findings from one trial and three recent retrospective studies assessing relationships between GLP-1 agonists and alcohol-related health outcomes. The one published GLP-1 trial for alcohol use to date resulted in null findings overall, but significant reductions in heavy drinking days and alcohol use among a subgroup of participants with obesity. The three retrospective analyses found associations between GLP-1 agonists and multiple outcomes including incident and recurrent alcohol use disorder, alcohol intoxication among individuals with alcohol use disorder, and hospitalizations related to alcohol use, substance use, and somatic health conditions. Considerations for the use of GLP-1 agonists in the context of alcohol use disorder are discussed, as well as outstanding questions and limitations with the current evidence. Additional clinical trials are needed to provide definitive answers, and to open the pathway for FDA approval and payer coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:47:23Z","timestamp":1745491643000},"page":"2997-2999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Encouraging Signals for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7967-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene C.","family":"Lira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Justin","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9498_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harris E. Poll: Roughly 12% of US Adults Have Used a GLP-1 Drug, Even If Unaffordable. JAMA. 2024;332(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.10333.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.10333"},{"key":"9498_CR2","unstructured":"Blum D. Some people on ozempic lose the desire to drink. Scientists Are Asking Why. The New York Times. 2023.  https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/02\/24\/well\/eat\/ozempic-side-effects-alcohol.html. Accessed 4 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9498_CR3","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) in the United States: Age Groups and Demographic Characteristics | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). 2025.  https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohols-effects-health\/alcohol-topics\/alcohol-facts-and-statistics\/alcohol-use-disorder-aud-united-states-age-groups-and-demographic-characteristics. Accessed 4 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9498_CR4","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol-Related Emergencies and Deaths in the United States. 2024.  https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohols-effects-health\/alcohol-topics-z\/alcohol-facts-and-statistics\/alcohol-related-emergencies-and-deaths-united-states. Accessed 4 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9498_CR5","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol Treatment in the United States | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). 2025. https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohols-effects-health\/alcohol-topics-z\/alcohol-facts-and-statistics\/alcohol-treatment-united-states. Accessed 4 Feb 2025."},{"key":"9498_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McPheeters M, O\u2019Connor EA, Riley S, et al. Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2023;330(17):1653-1665.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.19761.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761"},{"key":"9498_CR7","unstructured":"Park TW, Friedmann PD. Medications for addiction treatment: an opportunity for prescribing clinicians to facilitate remission from alcohol and opioid use disorders. R I Med J 2013. 2014;97(10):20\u201324."},{"key":"9498_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klausen MK, Jensen ME, M\u00f8ller M, et al. Exenatide once weekly for alcohol use disorder investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. JCI Insight. 2022;7(19):e159863.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.159863.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.159863"},{"key":"9498_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, Volkow ND, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Xu R. Associations of semaglutide with incidence and recurrence of alcohol use disorder in real-world population. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4548.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48780-6"},{"key":"9498_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qeadan F, McCunn A, Tingey B. The association between glucose\u2010dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and\/or glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance\u2010related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real\u2010world data analysis. Addiction. 2025;120(2):236-250.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16679.","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16679"},{"key":"9498_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00e4hteenvuo M, Tiihonen J, Solismaa A, Tanskanen A, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Taipale H. Repurposing semaglutide and liraglutide for alcohol use disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2025;82(1):94-98.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2024.3599"},{"key":"9498_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Li L, et al. GLP-1 Receptor agonists and risk for cirrhosis and related complications in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(11):1314.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4661.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4661"},{"key":"9498_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ueda P, S\u00f6derling J, Wintzell V, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonist use and risk of suicide death. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(11):1301.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4369.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.4369"},{"key":"9498_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruder K. Patients are flocking to compounded weight-loss drugs, but are they safe? JAMA. Published online January 24, 2025.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.27251.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.27251"},{"key":"9498_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mattingly TJ II, Conti RM. Marketing and safety concerns for compounded GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. JAMA Health Forum. 2025;6(1):e245015.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.5015.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2024.5015"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:02:34Z","timestamp":1758816154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09498-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations:"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:"}},{"value":"ML, EB, and JC are equity owners in Workit Health. JC receives author royalties from UpToDate and Medlink Neurology.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest:"}}]}}