{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:13:39Z","timestamp":1780668819401,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T11:41:57Z","timestamp":1744717317000},"page":"2108-2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prostate Cancer Screening Among Traditionally Underserved Populations at a Large Public Safety-Net Institution"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zurl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Dagnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Shabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumel","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin G.","family":"Allar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Gershman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gezzer","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hastings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Rayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","volume":"73","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023;73(1):17-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21763.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"9502_CR2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/types\/prostate-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html. Accessed 5 April 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"9502_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08345.x","volume":"103","author":"JM Fitzpatrick","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick JM, Banu E, Oudard S. Prostate\u2010specific antigen kinetics in localized and advanced prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2009;103(5):578-587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08345.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"9502_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinsky PF, Parnes H. Screening for Prostate Cancer. Solomon CG, ed. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(15):1405\u20131414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp2209151.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2209151"},{"key":"9502_CR5","unstructured":"Cancer Trends Progress Report National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, March 2021. https:\/\/progressreport.cancer.gov\/detection\/prostate_cancer. Accessed 27 June 2024."},{"issue":"7","key":"9502_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.01.023","volume":"35","author":"T Jindal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jindal T, Kachroo N, Sammon J, et al. Racial differences in prostate-specific antigen\u2013based prostate cancer screening: State-by-state and region-by-region analyses. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig. 2017;35(7):460.e9-460.e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.01.023.","journal-title":"Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig."},{"issue":"4","key":"9502_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.11.023","volume":"195","author":"JD Sammon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sammon JD, Dalela D, Abdollah F, et al. Determinants of Prostate Specific Antigen Screening among Black Men in the United States in the Contemporary Era. J Urol. 2016;195(4):913-918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2015.11.023.","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"9502_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21718","volume":"72","author":"AN Giaquinto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giaquinto AN, Miller KD, Tossas KY, Winn RA, Jemal A, Siegel RL. Cancer statistics for African American\/Black People 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(3):202-229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21718.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"9502_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/evidoa2200031","volume":"1","author":"SP Basourakos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basourakos SP, Gulati R, Vince RA, et al. Harm-to-Benefit of Three Decades of Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men. NEJM Evid. 2022;1(6):1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/evidoa2200031.","journal-title":"NEJM Evid."},{"key":"9502_CR10","unstructured":"Jones, N., Marks, R., Ramirez, R., R\u00edos-Vargas M. 2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2021\/08\/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html. Accessed 27 June 2024."},{"key":"9502_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haque AT, Berrington de Gonz\u00e1lez A, Chen Y, et al. Cancer mortality rates by racial and ethnic groups in the United States, 2018\u20132020. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2023;115(7):822\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djad069.","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad069"},{"issue":"5","key":"9502_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e827","DOI":"10.1200\/op.20.00381","volume":"18","author":"CD Champion","year":"2022","unstructured":"Champion CD, Thomas SM, Plichta JK, et al. Disparities at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity: Examining Trends and Outcomes in Hispanic Women With Breast Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract. 2022;18(5):e827-e838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/op.20.00381.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"9502_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0019","volume":"15","author":"NS Consedine","year":"2006","unstructured":"Consedine NS, Morgenstern AH, Kudadjie-Gyamfi E, Magai C, Neugut AI. Prostate cancer screening behavior in men from seven ethnic groups: The fear factor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(2):228-237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0019.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"6","key":"9502_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaa171","volume":"113","author":"KH Kensler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kensler KH, Pernar CH, Mahal BA, Nguyen PL, Trinh QD, Kibel AS. Racial and Ethnic Variation in PSA Testing and Prostate Cancer Incidence Following the 2012 USPSTF Recommendation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2021;113(6):719-726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaa171.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2010-000046","volume":"1","author":"KE Lasser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lasser KE, Kim TW, Alford DP, Cabral H, Saitz R, Samet JH. Is unhealthy substance use associated with failure to receive cancer screening and flu vaccination? A retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2011;1(1):1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2010-000046.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"9502_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418814945","volume":"53","author":"KM Tuesley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tuesley KM, Jordan SJ, Siskind DJ, Kendall BJ, Kisely S. Colorectal, cervical and prostate cancer screening in Australians with severe mental illness: Retrospective nation-wide cohort study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2019;53(6):550-558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867418814945.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"key":"9502_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stone B V., Labban M, Filipas DK, et al. The effect of limited english proficiency on prostate\u2011specific antigen screening in American men. J Urol. 2023;209(Supplement 4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000003227.10.","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003227.10."},{"key":"9502_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hansen NF, Linscott JA, Hayn MH, Ryan ST, Sammon JD. Prostate Specific Antigen Testing Behaviors for Prostate Cancer Screening among U.S. Immigrants: A Cross-sectional Analysis Using the National Health Interview Survey. J Urol. 2023;209(1):161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000002993.","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002993."},{"key":"9502_CR19","unstructured":"Ein Lewin M, Altman S E. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on the Changing Market, Managed Care, and the Future Viability of Safety Net Providers. Americas\u2019s Health Care Safety Net: Intact but Endangered. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000."},{"issue":"5","key":"9502_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34011","volume":"128","author":"BR Englum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Englum BR, Prasad NK, Lake RE, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis of new cancers: A national multicenter study of the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Cancer. 2022;128(5):1048-1056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.34011","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"9502_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5151","volume":"12","author":"KM Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee KM, Bryant AK, Alba P, et al. Impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of localized and metastatic prostate cancer among White and Black Veterans. Cancer Med. 2023;12(3):3727-3730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.5151.","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"9502_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.045120","volume":"85","author":"E Von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbrouckef JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(11):867-872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/BLT.07.045120.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"9502_CR23","unstructured":"JM, Korgstad DC. U.S. Census looking at big changes in how it asks about race and ethnicity. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2014\/03\/14\/u-s-census-looking-at-big-changes-in-how-it-asks-about-race-and-ethnicity\/. Accessed 29 Feb 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"9502_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12229","volume":"50","author":"SA Berkowitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berkowitz SA, Traore CY, Singer DE, Atlas SJ. Evaluating area-based socioeconomic status indicators for monitoring disparities within health care systems: Results from a primary care network. Health Serv Res. 2015;50(2):398-417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12229.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01216-8","volume":"21","author":"J Hostetter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hostetter J, Schwarz N, Klug M, Wynne J, Basson MD. Primary care visits increase utilization of evidence-based preventative health measures. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01216-8.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract."},{"key":"9502_CR26","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Cancer stat facts: common cancer sites. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. 2023. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/common.html. Accessed 10 July 2024."},{"issue":"82","key":"9502_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.009","volume":"2016","author":"I Guessous","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guessous I, Cullati S, Fedewa SA, et al. Prostate cancer screening in Switzerland: 20-year trends and socioeconomic disparities. Prev Med (Baltim). 2016;82(2016):83-91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.11.009.","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)."},{"key":"9502_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Echeverri M, Yanes E, Anderson D, N\u00e1poles AM. Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing practices in an academic healthcare organization. J Mens health. 2022;18(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.jomh1803074.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jomh1803074"},{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2250416","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50416","volume":"6","author":"RA Vince","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vince RA, Jiang R, Bank M, et al. Evaluation of Social Determinants of Health and Prostate Cancer Outcomes among Black and White Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):E2250416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.50416.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"8","key":"9502_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32666","volume":"126","author":"P Riviere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riviere P, Luterstein E, Kumar A, et al. Survival of African American and non-Hispanic white men with prostate cancer in an equal-access health care system. Cancer. 2020;126(8):1683-1690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.32666.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"9502_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allar BG, Torres M, Mahmood R, et al. Unique Breast Cancer Screening Disparities in a Safety-Net Health System. Am J Prev Med. 2023;000(000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.10.009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.10.009"},{"key":"9502_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allar BG, Mahmood R, Ortega G, et al. Colorectal cancer screening in a safety-net health system: The intersectional impact of race, ethnicity, language, and mental health. Prev Med (Baltim). 2023;166(December 2022):107389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107389.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2022.107389"},{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.08.005","volume":"66","author":"N Frego","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frego N, Beatrici E, Labban M, et al. Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer Screening: The Role of Shared Decision Making. Am J Prev Med. 2024;66(1):27-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.08.005.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"9502_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2016-011356","volume":"6","author":"P Nderitu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nderitu P, Van Hemelrijck M, Ashworth M, et al. Prostate-specific antigen testing in inner London general practices: are those at higher risk most likely to get tested? BMJ Open. 2016;6(7):1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJOPEN-2016-011356.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"9502_CR35","unstructured":"Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. Published 2021. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/visualizations\/interactive\/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html. Accessed 14 April 2024."},{"issue":"2","key":"9502_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00526-5","volume":"26","author":"N Swami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Swami N, Baez YA, Franco I, et al. Localized prostate cancer disparities in risk group at presentation and access to treatment for Hispanic men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2023;26(2):309-316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-022-00526-5.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"9502_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1200\/op.21.00412","volume":"18","author":"B Jain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jain B, Ng K, Santos PMG, et al. Prostate Cancer Disparities in Risk Group at Presentation and Access to Treatment for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A Study With Disaggregated Ethnic Groups. JCO Oncol Pract. 2022;18(1):e204-e218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/op.21.00412.","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract."},{"issue":"8","key":"9502_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-016-0776-8","volume":"27","author":"QD Trinh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trinh QD, Li H, Meyer CP, et al. Determinants of cancer screening in Asian-Americans. Cancer Causes Control. 2016;27(8):989-998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10552-016-0776-8.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control."},{"key":"9502_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu143","volume":"69","author":"MA Simon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simon MA, Li Y, Dong X. Preventive care service usage among Chinese older adults in the greater Chicago area. J Gerontol - Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69:S7-S14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glu143.","journal-title":"J Gerontol - Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"9502_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-021-01164-8","volume":"9","author":"S Yom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yom S, Lor M. Advancing Health Disparities Research: The Need to Include Asian American Subgroup Populations. J Racial Ethn Heal Disparities. 2022;9(6):2248-2282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-021-01164-8.","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Heal Disparities."},{"key":"9502_CR41","unstructured":"Cambridge Health Alliance. https:\/\/www.challiance.org\/services-programs\/primary-care\/behavioral-health-integration. Accessed 20 May 2024."},{"issue":"89","key":"9502_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.05.017","volume":"2016","author":"J Hanske","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanske J, Meyer CP, Sammon JD, et al. The influence of marital status on the use of breast, Cervical, And colorectal cancer screening. Prev Med (Baltim). 2016;89(2016):140-145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.05.017","journal-title":"And colorectal cancer screening. Prev Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"6","key":"9502_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00318.x","volume":"9","author":"SM Ahmed","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ahmed SM, Lemkau JP, Nealeigh N, Mann B. Barriers to healthcare access in a non-elderly urban poor American population. Heal Soc Care Community. 2001;9(6):445-453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2001.00318.x","journal-title":"Heal Soc Care Community."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:32:37Z","timestamp":1780666357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09502-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Paperpal by Editage and GPT 4.0 Open AI were used for language editing of the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved and exempted from review according to the CHA Institutional Review Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}