{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T01:56:02Z","timestamp":1769738162221,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R43DA051263-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R43DA051263-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a major epidemic in the USA. Patients who lack transportation may have limited access to outpatient SUD treatment programs and are less likely to remain in care. Encouraging the use of free, reliable transportation during enrollment is an untested mechanism for greater retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A pragmatic pilot study was conducted in Southwest Ohio between November 2020 and July 2022, among people with SUDs like opioid and alcohol use disorders who enrolled in an outpatient treatment program and screened positive for transportation barriers. Eligible patients were offered free, unlimited transportation for the first 12 weeks of treatment and randomized 1:1 to receive weekly text message reminders to schedule their ride (intervention) versus none (control). The primary outcome was retention in care at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included retention at 24 weeks and retention at weeks 12 and 24 when stratifying by those dispensed SUD medications (e.g., buprenorphine\/naloxone, buprenorphine, methadone) at the treatment site versus not, and SUD type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The intervention arm included 171 patients and 190 patients were in the control arm. For retention in care at 12 weeks, there was not a statistically significant difference between intervention (77\/171 = 45.0%) and control (81\/190 = 42.6%) arms (odds ratio (OR) 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57 to 2.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.69). At 24 weeks, retention was lower for both the intervention (44\/171 = 25.7%) and control (54\/190 = 28.4%) arms but not statistically significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.54). Greater retention at 12 weeks was observed for the intervention versus the control arm among patients dispensed SUD medications but at week 24 there was no statistically significant difference. No differences were observed by SUD types at any time point.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weekly reminders did not affect overall care retention but did at week 12 among patients dispensed SUD medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09508-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T11:35:32Z","timestamp":1745926532000},"page":"35-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Text Message Reminders About Free Transportation for Outpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Randomized Encouragement Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3326-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krisda H.","family":"Chaiyachati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandita","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn","family":"Shultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9508_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. Drug Overdose Mortality by State. Published March 1, 2022. Accessed March 6, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/sosmap\/drug_poisoning_mortality\/drug_poisoning.htm"},{"key":"9508_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hernandez A, Branscum AJ, Li J, MacKinnon NJ, Hincapie AL, Cuadros DF. Epidemiological and Geospatial Profile of the Prescription Opioid Crisis in Ohio, United States. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-61281-y","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61281-y"},{"key":"9508_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) Application: Alcohol-Attributable Deaths, OH. www.cdc.gov\/ARDI. Published 2024. 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JAMA Health Forum. 2023;4(5):e231018-e231018.","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum."},{"key":"9508_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harwerth J, Washburn M, Lee K, Basham RE. Transportation Barriers to Outpatient Substance Use Treatment Programs: A Scoping Review. J Evid Based Soc Work. Published online March 4, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26408066.2022.2150530","DOI":"10.1080\/26408066.2022.2150530"},{"key":"9508_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gamm LD. Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services Among Rural Minorities. J Rural Health. 2004;20(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00030.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00030.x"},{"key":"9508_CR10","unstructured":"Jankowski M. Lack of transportation leaves millions in need of substance abuse treatment on the sidelines. MobiHealthNews. Published November 15, 2019. 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