{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:24:31Z","timestamp":1785835471563,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T12:09:34Z","timestamp":1746533374000},"page":"3456-3462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["From Supermarkets to Farms: Food Policy and the Obesity Epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2789-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihir","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"9579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2020.14590","volume":"324","author":"CL Ogden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogden CL, Fryar CD, Martin CB, et al. Trends in obesity prevalence by race and hispanic origin\u20141999-2000 to 2017-2018. JAMA. 2020;324(12):1208-1210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2020.14590.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"9579_CR2","unstructured":"CDC. Adult Obesity Facts. May 14, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/adult-obesity-facts\/index.html. Accessed 20 November 2024."},{"key":"9579_CR3","unstructured":"CDC. Childhood Obesity Facts. April 2, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/obesity\/data\/childhood.html. Accessed 21 June 2023."},{"issue":"3","key":"9579_CR4","first-page":"354","volume":"27","author":"J Cawley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cawley J, Biener A, Meyerhoefer C, et al. Direct medical costs of obesity in the United States and the most populous states. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(3):354-366.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0677-5","volume":"75","author":"S Tsugane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsugane S. Why has Japan become the world\u2019s most long-lived country: insights from a food and nutrition perspective. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021;75(6):921-928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-020-0677-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"9579_CR6","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020\u20132025. Ninth Edition; 2020. https:\/\/www.dietaryguidelines.gov\/. Accessed 20 November 2024."},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.100925","volume":"101","author":"JM Poti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poti JM, Mendez MA, Ng SW, Popkin BM. Is the degree of food processing and convenience linked with the nutritional quality of foods purchased by US households? Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6):1251-1262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.114.100925.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"9579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab382","volume":"152","author":"EK Dunford","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dunford EK, Miles DR, Popkin B, Ng SW. Whole grain and refined grains: an examination of US household grocery store purchases. J Nutr. 2022;152(2):550-558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxab382.","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"9579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH","volume":"105","author":"DA Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cohen DA, Collins R, Hunter G, Ghosh-Dastidar B, Dubowitz T. Store impulse marketing strategies and body mass index. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(7):1446-1452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"9579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2005.12.002","volume":"23","author":"S Bruyneel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruyneel S, Dewitte S, Vohs KD, Warlop L. Repeated choosing increases susceptibility to affective product features. Int J Res Mark. 2006;23(2):215-225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2005.12.002.","journal-title":"Int J Res Mark."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2202\/1935-1682.2973","volume":"11","author":"D Spears","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spears D. Economic decision-making in poverty depletes behavioral control. B E J Econom Anal Policy. 2011;11(1):1-42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2202\/1935-1682.2973.","journal-title":"B E J Econ Anal Policy."},{"key":"9579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Novemsky N, Dhar R, Baumeister RF. Trade-offs and depletion in choice. J Mark Res. 2010;XLVII:910\u2013919.","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkr.47.5.910"},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-014-0137-4","volume":"4","author":"RA Stanton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stanton RA. Food retailers and obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):54-59. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13679-014-0137-4.","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"9579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1086\/524125","volume":"50","author":"B Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein B, Wright JD. The economics of slotting contracts. J Law Econ. 2007;50(3):421-454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/524125.","journal-title":"J Law Econ."},{"key":"9579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Falbe J, Marinello S, Wolf EC, et al. Food and beverage environments at store checkouts in California: mostly unhealthy products. Curr Dev Nutr. 2023;7(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100075.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cdnut.2023.100075"},{"issue":"11","key":"9579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14111366","volume":"14","author":"K Cooksey-Stowers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cooksey-Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(11):1366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14111366.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"9579_CR17","unstructured":"Fehn J. Swamped: How Local Governments Can Improve Health by Balancing Exposure to Fat, Sugar, and Salt-Laden Fringe Foods. Journal of Affordable Housing and Community Development Law. 2016;24(3):565\u2013587. https:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/Page?handle=hein.journals\/jrlaff24&id=604&div=42&collection=journals. Accessed 24 October 2024."},{"key":"9579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102775","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HEALTHPLACE.2022.102775","volume":"75","author":"M Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li M, Yuan F. Historical redlining and food environments: a study of 102 urban areas in the United States. Health Place. 2022;75:102775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.HEALTHPLACE.2022.102775.","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.3945\/JN.109.111336","volume":"140","author":"SE Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen SE, Florax RJGM. Zoning for health: the obesity epidemic and opportunities for local policy intervention. J Nutr. 2010;140(6):1181-1184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/JN.109.111336.","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"9579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115126","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115126","volume":"306","author":"H Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown H, Xiang H, Albani V, et al. No new fast-food outlets allowed! Evaluating the effect of planning policy on the local food environment in the North East of England. Soc Sci Med. 2022;306:115126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115126.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"9579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1014296","volume":"364","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(25):2392-2404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1014296.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"9579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017001069","volume":"20","author":"E Pitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pitt E, Gallegos D, Comans T, Cameron C, Thornton L. Exploring the influence of local food environments on food behaviours: a systematic review of qualitative literature. Public Health Nutr. 2017;20(13):2393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980017001069.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"9579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JADA.2011.05.014","volume":"111","author":"BM Appelhans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Appelhans BM, Whited MC, Schneider KL, Pagoto SL. Time to abandon the notion of personal choice in dietary counseling for obesity? J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111(8):1130-1136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JADA.2011.05.014.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc."},{"key":"9579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/J.APPET.2012.04.017","volume":"62","author":"G Cairns","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cairns G, Angus K, Hastings G, Caraher M. Systematic reviews of the evidence on the nature, extent and effects of food marketing to children. A retrospective summary. Appetite. 2013;62:209-215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.APPET.2012.04.017.","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"9579_CR25","unstructured":"Harris J, Fleming-Milici F, Phaneuf L, et al. FACTS Reports | UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health. June 2021. https:\/\/uconnruddcenter.org\/research\/food-marketing\/facts\/. Accessed 7 November 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"9579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014399","volume":"28","author":"JL Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD. Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychol. 2009;28(4):404-413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014399.","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"9579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2007.11.017","volume":"34","author":"PR Marantz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marantz PR, Bird ED, Alderman MH. A call for higher standards of evidence for dietary guidelines. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34(3):234-240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2007.11.017.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"key":"9579_CR28","unstructured":"Nestle M. Food Politics\u202f: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. University of California Press; 2007. https:\/\/web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu\/ehost\/ebookviewer\/ebook?sid=c2813f0b-5544-4345-9a8f-7c775d6ca1a7%40redis&vid=0&format=EB. Accessed 9 March 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"9579_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2007.12.002","volume":"34","author":"SH Woolf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Woolf SH, Nestle M. Do dietary guidelines explain the obesity epidemic? Am J Prev Med. 2008;34(3):263-265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2007.12.002.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"9579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMAINTERNMED.2022.3039","volume":"182","author":"M Nestle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nestle M. Preventing obesity\u2014it is time for multiple policy strategies. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182(9):973-974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMAINTERNMED.2022.3039.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"9579_CR31","unstructured":"Monke J, Johnson R. Farm Bill Primer: Background and Status; 2024. https:\/\/crsreports.congress.gov\/product\/pdf\/IF\/IF12047. Accessed 21 November 2024."},{"key":"9579_CR32","unstructured":"Lincicome S. Examining America\u2019s Farm Subsidy Problem | Cato Institute. December 18, 2020. https:\/\/www.cato.org\/commentary\/examining-americas-farm-subsidy-problem. Accessed 21 November 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"9579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.04.010","volume":"45","author":"C Franck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Franck C, Grandi SM, Eisenberg MJ. Agricultural subsidies and the american obesity epidemic. Am J Prev Med. 2013;45(3):327-333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.04.010.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/19320240903321367","volume":"4","author":"RJ Jackson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jackson RJ, Minjares R, Naumoff KS, Shrimali BP, Martin LK. Agriculture policy is health policy. J Hunger Environ Nutr. 2009;4(3-4):393-408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19320240903321367.","journal-title":"J Hunger Environ Nutr."},{"issue":"378","key":"9579_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220214","DOI":"10.1098\/RSTB.2022.0214","volume":"2023","author":"KD Hall","year":"1885","unstructured":"Hall KD. From dearth to excess: the rise of obesity in an ultra-processed food system. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2023;378(1885):20220214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/RSTB.2022.0214.","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22073","volume":"26","author":"KD Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall KD. Did the food environment cause the obesity epidemic? Obesity. 2018;26(1):11-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22073.","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"11","key":"9579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007940","volume":"4","author":"KD Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall KD, Guo J, Dore M, Chow CC. The progressive increase of food waste in america and its environmental impact. PLoS One. 2009;4(11):7940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0007940.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2010.200","volume":"12","author":"BM Popkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Popkin BM. Agricultural policies, food and public health. EMBO Rep. 2011;12(1):11-18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/embor.2010.200.","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28595","volume":"90","author":"B Swinburn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swinburn B, Sacks G, Ravussin E. Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(6):1453-1456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28595.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"7528","key":"9579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1136\/BMJ.331.7528.1333","volume":"331","author":"LS Elinder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elinder LS. Obesity, hunger, and agriculture: the damaging role of subsidies. BMJ Br Med J. 2005;331(7528):1333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/BMJ.331.7528.1333.","journal-title":"BMJ Br Med J."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CMET.2019.05.008\/ATTACHMENT\/00948B51-BA57-4AA4-A9FD-2CE5F79A885D\/MMC2.PDF","volume":"30","author":"KD Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, et al. Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab. 2019;30(1):67-77.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CMET.2019.05.008\/ATTACHMENT\/00948B51-BA57-4AA4-A9FD-2CE5F79A885D\/MMC2.PDF.","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"11","key":"9579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12113401","volume":"12","author":"RH Lustig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lustig RH. Ultraprocessed food: addictive, toxic, and ready for regulation. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU12113401.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"2","key":"9579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/S13679-024-00569-W\/TABLES\/1","volume":"13","author":"EM LaFata","year":"2024","unstructured":"LaFata EM, Allison KC, Audrain-McGovern J, Forman EM. Ultra-processed food addiction: a research update. Curr Obes Rep. 2024;13(2):214-223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13679-024-00569-W\/TABLES\/1.","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/BMB\/LDY002","volume":"125","author":"S Capewell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Capewell S, Lloyd-Williams F. The role of the food industry in health: lessons from tobacco? Br Med Bull. 2018;125(1):131-143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/BMB\/LDY002.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13183","DOI":"10.1111\/OBR.13183","volume":"22","author":"MS Yekaninejad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yekaninejad MS, Badrooj N, Vosoughi F, Lin CY, Potenza MN, Pakpour AH. Prevalence of food addiction in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;22(6):e13183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/OBR.13183.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"9579_CR46","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Total food spending reached $2.6 trillion in 2023. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/chart-gallery\/chart-detail?chartId=58364. Accessed 13 March 2025."},{"issue":"16","key":"9579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.3390\/NU14163386","volume":"14","author":"S Nagao-Sato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagao-Sato S, Reicks M. Food away from home frequency, diet quality, and health: cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data 2011\u20132018. Nutrients. 2022;14(16):3386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU14163386.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S41043-022-00335-5\/TABLES\/3","volume":"41","author":"S Godbharle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Godbharle S, Jeyakumar A, Giri BR, Kesa H. Pooled prevalence of food away from home (FAFH) and associated non-communicable disease (NCD) markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Popul Nutr. 2022;41(1):1-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S41043-022-00335-5\/TABLES\/3.","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"9579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.92.2.246","volume":"92","author":"LR Young","year":"2002","unstructured":"Young LR, Nestle M. The contribution of expanding portion sizes to the US obesity epidemic. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(2):246-249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.92.2.246.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"9579_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.4.450","volume":"289","author":"SJ Nielsen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Patterns and trends in food portion sizes, 1977-1998. J Am Med Assoc. 2003;289(4):450-453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.4.450.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc."},{"key":"9579_CR51","unstructured":"Environmental Working Group. EWG Farm Subsidy Database || the United States Conservation Database. 2024. https:\/\/farm.ewg.org\/region.php?fips=00000&statename=UnitedStates. Accessed 21 November 2024."},{"issue":"8","key":"9579_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.2410","volume":"176","author":"KR Siegel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siegel KR, Bullard KMK, Imperatore G, et al. Association of higher consumption of foods derived from subsidized commodities with adverse cardiometabolic risk among US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(8):1124-1132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.2410.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"9579_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.3390\/NU12113244","volume":"12","author":"WL Do","year":"2020","unstructured":"Do WL, Bullard KM, Stein AD, Ali MK, Venkat Narayan KM, Siegel KR. Consumption of foods derived from subsidized crops remains associated with cardiometabolic risk: an update on the evidence using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009\u20132014. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/NU12113244.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"6","key":"9579_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1002\/OBY.23168","volume":"29","author":"LM Lessard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lessard LM, Puhl RM, Himmelstein MS, Pearl RL, Foster GD. Eating and exercise-related correlates of weight stigma: a multinational investigation. Obesity. 2021;29(6):966-970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/OBY.23168.","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"7","key":"9579_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0B013E31820FB967","volume":"49","author":"A Karnik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karnik A, Foster BA, Mayer V, et al. Food insecurity and obesity in New York City primary care clinics. Med Care. 2011;49(7):658-661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0B013E31820FB967.","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"9","key":"9579_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1007\/S11695-020-04645-7","volume":"30","author":"CL Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown CL, Skelton JA, Palakshappa D, Pratt KJ. High prevalence of food insecurity in participants attending weight management and bariatric surgery programs. Obes Surg. 2020;30(9):3634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11695-020-04645-7.","journal-title":"Obes Surg."},{"issue":"23","key":"9579_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2023.24472","volume":"330","author":"AJ Moran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moran AJ, Roberto CA. A \u201cFood Is Medicine\u201d approach to disease prevention: limitations and alternatives. JAMA. 2023;330(23):2243-2244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2023.24472.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"9579_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Food as medicine: translating the evidence. Nat Med. 2023;29(4):753-754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41591-023-02330-7.","DOI":"10.1038\/S41591-023-02330-7"},{"key":"9579_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490232","DOI":"10.3389\/FNUT.2024.1490232","volume":"11","author":"N Garg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garg N, Boggild AK. Editorial: food as medicine. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1490232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FNUT.2024.1490232.","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"9579_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100129","DOI":"10.1016\/J.RCSOP.2022.100129","volume":"5","author":"AMH Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen AMH, Draime JA, Berman S, Gardner J, Krauss Z, Martinez J. Food as medicine? Exploring the impact of providing healthy foods on adherence and clinical and economic outcomes. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2022;5:100129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.RCSOP.2022.100129.","journal-title":"Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm."},{"issue":"10","key":"9579_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13494","DOI":"10.1111\/OBR.13494","volume":"23","author":"B Talumaa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talumaa B, Brown A, Batterham RL, Kalea AZ. Effective strategies in ending weight stigma in healthcare. Obes Rev. 2022;23(10):e13494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/OBR.13494.","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"9579_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e379","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30171-8","volume":"3","author":"J Crowley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crowley J, Ball L, Hiddink GJ. Nutrition in medical education: a systematic review. Lancet Planet Health. 2019;3(9):e379-e389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(19)30171-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"9579_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R109","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0264","volume":"238","author":"SJ Brandt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brandt SJ, Kleinert M, Tsch\u00f6p MH, M\u00fcller TD. Are peptide conjugates the golden therapy against obesity? J Endocrinol. 2018;238(2):R109-R119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-18-0264.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"9579_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ORCP.2020.11.002","volume":"15","author":"M Tham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tham M, Chong TWH, Jenkins ZM, Castle DJ. The use of anti-obesity medications in people with mental illness as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions \u2014 Effectiveness, tolerability and impact on eating behaviours: A 52-week observational study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2021;15(1):49-57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ORCP.2020.11.002.","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"7","key":"9579_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30116-X","volume":"5","author":"T Blakely","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blakely T, Cleghorn C, Mizdrak A, et al. The effect of food taxes and subsidies on population health and health costs: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(7):e404-e413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30116-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health."},{"issue":"9793","key":"9579_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1","volume":"378","author":"BA Swinburn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swinburn BA, Sacks G, Hall KD, et al. The global obesity pandemic: Shaped by global drivers and local environments. Lancet. 2011;378(9793):804-814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60813-1.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"9579_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anonymous. Nutrition Contributions of Wheat. J Am Med Assoc. 1948;138(13):972\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.1948.02900130036010.","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.1948.02900130036010"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:02:29Z","timestamp":1778025749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["9579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09579-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations:"}},{"value":"The author declares that he does not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest:"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}