{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T19:12:34Z","timestamp":1757617954455,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recent legislation, the MISSION Act and the PACT Act, expanded access to and utilization of non-Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care; more Veterans now receive care from non-VA healthcare providers. Hospitalists outside the VA may be less familiar with Veterans\u2019 service-related exposures and presumptive service-related conditions. We aimed to summarize research findings on service-related exposures and conditions among Vietnam War Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s methodological framework for scoping reviews, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases in June 2023. References were imported into EndNote and screened using Covidence collaborative review software. Two reviewers assessed eligibility, with disagreements resolved by a third, then one extracted data. We included papers published in 1998 or later focused on US Vietnam Veterans, excluding genetic\/modeling studies, study protocols, case reports\/series, clinical trials, and papers without relevance to hospital medicine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified 1185 papers; 251 were duplicates, 450 were excluded through title\/abstract review, and 335 were excluded after full-text review. A total of 149 studies were included. The exposures mentioned most frequently were Agent Orange\/unspecified herbicides (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200955), violence\/combat (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914), and infectious disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). The most common conditions were PTSD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939), neuropsychiatric conditions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935), cancer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919), metabolic\/endocrine disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911), and neurological dysfunction (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911). Overall mortality was addressed in 13 studies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The current literature highlights numerous service-related exposures and conditions recognized by the VA, which may assist hospitalists caring for Vietnam Veterans outside the VA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T15:50:55Z","timestamp":1747324255000},"page":"2754-2772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serving Vietnam Veterans Hospitalized Outside the VA System: A Scoping Review of Presumptive Service-Related Illnesses and Presentations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9762-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Luke","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4188-4768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Ann Kirkconnell","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-6358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce","family":"Akwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"204","key":"9601_CR1","first-page":"53179","volume":"83","author":"Department of Veterans Affairs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Department of Veterans Affairs. Presumption of herbicide exposure and presumption of disability during service for reservists presumed exposed to herbicides. Final rule. Fed Regist. 2018;83(204):53179-82.","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O\u2019Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/m18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m18-0850.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"9601_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27941","volume":"119","author":"N Ansbaugh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ansbaugh N, Shannon J, Mori M, Farris PE, Garzotto M. Agent Orange as a risk factor for high-grade prostate cancer. Cancer. 2013;119(13):2399-404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.27941.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.2965","volume":"15","author":"DE Barnes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barnes DE, Li Y, Byers AL, Gardner RC, Peltz C, Yaffe K. Agent Orange exposure and dementia dizgnosis in Vietnam Veterans: a chronic effects of neurotrauma consotrium study. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15(7):P834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.06.2965.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-813x(01)00051-1","volume":"22","author":"DH Barrett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barrett DH, Morris RD, Akhtar FZ, Michalek JE. Serum dioxin and cognitive functioning among veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. Neurotoxicology. 2001;22(4):491-502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-813x(01)00051-1.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000240779.55022.ff","volume":"68","author":"SH Boyle","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boyle SH, Michalek JE, Suarez EC. Covariation of psychological attributes and incident coronary heart disease in U.S. Air Force veterans of the Vietnam war. Psychosom Med. 2006;68(6):844-50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.psy.0000240779.55022.ff.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899809605696","volume":"53","author":"JE Burton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burton JE, Michalek JE, Rahe AJ. Serum dioxin, chloracne, and acne in veterans of operation ranch hand. Arch Environ Health. 1998;53(3):199-204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00039899809605696.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health."},{"issue":"9","key":"9601_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23695","volume":"113","author":"K Chamie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chamie K, DeVere White RW, Lee D, Ok JH, Ellison LM. Agent Orange exposure, Vietnam War veterans, and the risk of prostate cancer. Cancer. 2008;113(9):2464-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.23695.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"10","key":"9601_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22900","volume":"61","author":"YS Cypel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cypel YS, Hines SE, Davey VJ, Eber SM, Schneiderman AI. Self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and spirometry patterns in Vietnam Era US Army Chemical Corps veterans: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Ind Med. 2018;61(10):802-814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.22900.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.003","volume":"20","author":"Y Cypel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cypel Y, Kang H. Mortality patterns of Army Chemical Corps veterans who were occupationally exposed to herbicides in Vietnam. Ann Epidemiol. 2010;20(5):339-46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.003.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR12","first-page":"17","volume":"30","author":"SM de la Monte","year":"2022","unstructured":"de la Monte SM, Goel A. Agent Orange reviewed: potential role in peripheral neuropathy and neurodegeneration. J Mil Veterans Health. 2022;30(2):17-26.","journal-title":"J Mil Veterans Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.53.4.245","volume":"53","author":"H Frumkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frumkin H. Agent Orange and cancer: an overview for clinicians. CA Cancer J Clin. 2003;53(4):245-255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/canjclin.53.4.245.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8957","volume":"114","author":"A Gupta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gupta A, Ketchum N, Roehrborn CG, Schecter A, Aragaki CC, Michalek JE. Serum dioxin, testosterone, and subsequent risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective cohort study of air force veterans. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(11):1649-1654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.8957.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20385","volume":"49","author":"HK Kang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kang HK, Dalager NA, Needham LL, et al. Health status of Army Chemical Corps Vietnam Veterans who sprayed defoliant in Vietnam. Am J Ind Med. 2006;49(11):875-84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajim.20385.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.7205\/milmed.170.5.406","volume":"170","author":"NS Ketchum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ketchum NS, Michalek JE. Postservice mortality of Air Force veterans occupationally exposed to herbicides during the Vietnam War: 20-year follow-up results. Mil Med. 2005;170(5):406-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/milmed.170.5.406.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"9601_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2938","volume":"1","author":"O Landgren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Landgren O, Shim YK, Michalek J, et al. Agent Orange exposure and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: an Operation Ranch Hand Veteran cohort study. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(8):1061-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.2938.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.5.5663","volume":"84","author":"JE Michalek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Michalek JE, Akhtar FZ, Kiel JL. Serum dioxin, insulin, fasting glucose, and sex hormone-binding globulin in veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(5):1540-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.84.5.5663.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-813x(01)00052-3","volume":"22","author":"JE Michalek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michalek JE, Akhtar FZ, Arezzo JC, Garabrant DH, Albers JW. Serum dioxin and peripheral neuropathy in Veterans of Operation Ranch Hand. Neurotoxicology. 2001;22(4):479-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-813x(01)00052-3.","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.2.153","volume":"168","author":"JE Michalek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Michalek JE, Barrett DH, Morris RD, Jackson WG Jr. Serum dioxin and psychological functioning in U.S. Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War. Mil Med. 2003;168(2):153-9.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.07.030","volume":"35","author":"M Mossanen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mossanen M, Kibel AS, Goldman RH. Exploring exposure to Agent Orange and increased mortality due to bladder cancer. Urol Oncol. 2017;35(11):627-632. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urolonc.2017.07.030.","journal-title":"Urol Oncol."},{"key":"9601_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences E, and Medicine. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2014. Mil Med. 2017;182(7):1619\u20131620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/milmed-d-17-00130.","DOI":"10.7205\/milmed-d-17-00130"},{"key":"9601_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.06.004","volume":"96","author":"JC Nwanaji-Enwerem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Jenkins TG, Colicino E, Cardenas A, Baccarelli AA, Boyer EW. Serum dioxin levels and sperm DNA methylation age: findings in Vietnam war veterans exposed to Agent Orange. Reprod Toxicol. 2020;96:27-35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.06.004.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500448","volume":"16","author":"M Pavuk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pavuk M, Michalek JE, Ketchum NS. Prostate cancer in US Air Force Veterans of the Vietnam war. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006;16(2):184-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jea.7500448.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"9601_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08405.x","volume":"103","author":"SR Shah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shah SR, Freedland SJ, Aronson WJ, et al. Exposure to Agent Orange is a significant predictor of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based recurrence and a rapid PSA doubling time after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2009;103(9):1168-72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08405.x.","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2320593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.20593","volume":"6","author":"SB Williams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams SB, Janes JL, Howard LE, et al. Exposure to Agent Orange and risk of bladder cancer among US Veterans. JAMA Network Open. 2023;6(6):e2320593-e2320593.","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02979652","volume":"11","author":"AL Young","year":"2004","unstructured":"Young AL, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Newton M. Environmental fate and bioavailability of Agent Orange and its associated dioxin during the Vietnam War. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2004;11(6):359-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02979652.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02979651","volume":"11","author":"AL Young","year":"2004","unstructured":"Young AL, Cecil PE, Guilmartin JF. Assessing possible exposures of ground troops to agent orange during the Vietnam war: the use of contemporary military records. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2004;11(6):349-358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02979651.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)66085-5","volume":"166","author":"MB Zafar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zafar MB, Terris MK. Prostate cancer detection in veterans with a history of Agent Orange exposure. J Urol. 2001;166(1):100-103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-5347(05)66085-5.","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000111603.84316.0f","volume":"46","author":"FZ Akhtar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Akhtar FZ, Garabrant DH, Ketchum NS, Michalek JE. Cancer in US Air Force Veterans of the Vietnam War. J Occup Environ Med. 2004;46(2):123-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.jom.0000111603.84316.0f.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.5011","volume":"78","author":"S Martinez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martinez S, Yaffe K, Li Y, Byers AL, Peltz CB, Barnes DE. Agent Orange exposure and dementia diagnosis in US Veterans of the Vietnam Era. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(4):473-477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.5011.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"9601_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cypel Y, Hines SE, Davey VJ, Eber SM, Schneiderman AI. Spirometric pulmonary restriction in herbicide-exposed U.S. Vietnam War Veterans. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16173131.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16173131"},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702612469355","volume":"1","author":"BP Dohrenwend","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dohrenwend BP, Yager TJ, Wall MM, Adams BG. The roles of combat exposure, personal vulnerability, and involvement in harm to civilians or prisoners in Vietnam War-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Sci. 2013;1(3):223-238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702612469355.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci."},{"key":"9601_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.6.467","volume":"186","author":"BC Frueh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frueh BC, Elhai JD, Grubaugh AL, et al. Documented combat exposure of US veterans seeking treatment for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186:467-72; discussion 473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.186.6.467.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10","key":"9601_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu225","volume":"180","author":"M Goetz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goetz M, Shah A, Goldberg J, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder, combat exposure, and carotid intima-media thickness in male twins. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(10):989-96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwu225.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20191","volume":"20","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Stellman SD, Dohrenwend BP, Sommer JF Jr., Stellman JM. The consistency of combat exposure reporting and course of PTSD in Vietnam War veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2007;20(1):3-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20191.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21717","volume":"25","author":"JM Lenhardt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lenhardt JM, Howard JM, Taft CT, Kaloupek DG, Keane TM. Examining aggression in male Vietnam veterans who receive VA services: the role of traumatic events and combat exposure. J Trauma Stress. 2012;25(4):461-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21717.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22039","volume":"28","author":"S Doron-LaMarca","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doron-LaMarca S, Niles BL, King DW, King LA, Pless Kaiser A, Lyons MJ. Temporal associations among chronic PTSD symptoms in U.S. Combat Veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2015;28(5):410-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22039.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"8","key":"9601_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22628","volume":"34","author":"MM Steenkamp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steenkamp MM, Schlenger WE, Corry N, et al. Predictors of PTSD 40 years after combat: Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans longitudinal study. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34(8):711-722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22628.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1024771121189","volume":"12","author":"M McFall","year":"1999","unstructured":"McFall M, Fontana A, Raskind M, Rosenheck R. Analysis of violent behavior in Vietnam combat veteran psychiatric inpatients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 1999;12(3):501-17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1024771121189.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21954","volume":"29","author":"S Maguen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maguen S, Metzler TJ, Bosch J, Marmar CR, Knight SJ, Neylan TC. Killing in combat may be independently associated with suicidal ideation. Depress Anxiety. 2012;29(11):918-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.21954.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/psy.0000000000000762","volume":"82","author":"BN Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith BN, Spiro A, Frayne SM, et al. Impact of wartime stress exposures and mental health on later-life functioning and disability in Vietnam-Era Women Veterans: findings from the health of Vietnam-Era Women\u2019s study. Psychosom Med. 2020;82(2):147-157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/psy.0000000000000762.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.24.5.639","volume":"24","author":"CT Taft","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taft CT, Monson CM, Hebenstreit CL, King DW, King LA. Examining the correlates of aggression among male and female Vietnam veterans. Violence Vict. 2009;24(5):639-52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.24.5.639.","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22614","volume":"34","author":"BE Wisco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wisco BE, Marx BP, May CL, et al. Moral injury in US Combat Veterans: Results from the National Health and resilience in Veterans study. Depress Anxiety. 2017;34(4):340-347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22614.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e6d0","volume":"75","author":"V Raymont","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raymont V, Salazar AM, Lipsky R, Goldman D, Tasick G, Grafman J. Correlates of posttraumatic epilepsy 35 years following combat brain injury. Neurology. 2010;75(3):224-229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e6d0.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22775","volume":"35","author":"Y Cypel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cypel Y, Schnurr PP, Schneiderman AI, et al. The mental health of Vietnam theater veterans-the lasting effects of the war: 2016-2017 Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study. J Trauma Stress. 2022;35(2):605-618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22775.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2015.05.004","volume":"24","author":"J Goldberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goldberg J, Magruder KM, Forsberg CW, et al. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in aging Vietnam-Era Veterans: Veterans Administration Cooperative Study 569: Course and consequences of post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam-Era Veteran twins. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016;24(3):181-91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2015.05.004.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"9","key":"9601_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0803","volume":"72","author":"CR Marmar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marmar CR, Schlenger W, Henn-Haase C, et al. Course of posttraumatic stress disorder 40 years after the Vietnam War: findings from the National Vietnam Veterans longitudinal study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(9):875-81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0803.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.7.929","volume":"155","author":"TC Neylan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neylan TC, Marmar CR, Metzler TJ, et al. Sleep disturbances in the Vietnam generation: findings from a nationally representative sample of male Vietnam veterans. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(7):929-33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.155.7.929.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"9601_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy040","volume":"183","author":"C Maynard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maynard C, Trivedi R, Nelson K, Fihn SD. Disability rating, age at death, and cause of death in U.S. Veterans with Service-Connected Conditions. Mil Med. 2018;183(11-12):e371-e376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usy040.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"9601_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv217","volume":"182","author":"WE Schlenger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schlenger WE, Corry NH, Williams CS, et al. A prospective study of mortality and trauma-related risk factors among a nationally representative sample of Vietnam Veterans. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(12):980-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwv217.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-014-9863-5","volume":"39","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boscarino JA, Sitarik A, Gordon SC, et al. Risk factors for hepatitis C infection among Vietnam era veterans versus nonveterans: results from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS). J Community Health. 2014;39(5):914-21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-014-9863-5.","journal-title":"J Community Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34750","volume":"123","author":"HB el-Serag","year":"2002","unstructured":"el-Serag HB, Kunik M, Richardson P, Rabeneck L. Psychiatric disorders among veterans with hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 2002;123(2):476-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.2002.34750.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"issue":"9","key":"9601_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.214","volume":"109","author":"HB el-Serag","year":"2014","unstructured":"el-Serag HB, Kramer J, Duan Z, Kanwal F. Racial differences in the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-infected veterans. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(9):1427-35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2014.214.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"9601_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.01.009","volume":"82","author":"LE Bourn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bourn LE, Sexton MB, Raggio GA, Porter KE, Rauch SAM. Posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic complaints: Contrasting Vietnam and OIF\/OEF Veterans\u2019 experiences. J Psychosom Res. 2016;82:35-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.01.009.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21655","volume":"25","author":"JM Currier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Currier JM, Holland JM. Examining the role of combat loss among Vietnam War veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2012;25(1):102-105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21655.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20327","volume":"21","author":"BP Dohrenwend","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA, Lewis-Fernandez R, Yager TJ. War-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Black, Hispanic, and majority White Vietnam veterans: the roles of exposure and vulnerability. J Trauma Stress. 2008;21(2):133-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20327.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006x.71.6.980","volume":"71","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Stellman JM, Stellman SD, Sommer JF Jr. Risk factors for course of posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans: a 14-year follow-up of American Legionnaires. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(6):980-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006x.71.6.980.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/21635781.2021.2015019","volume":"10","author":"SA Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar SA, Hein CL, DiLillo D, Pietrzak RH. Resilience to suicidal ideation among U.S. Military Veterans with posttraumatic stress: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Mil Behav Health. 2022;10(4):328-337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21635781.2021.2015019.","journal-title":"Mil Behav Health."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1786","volume":"72","author":"K Magruder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magruder K, Serpi T, Kimerling R, et al. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam-Era Women Veterans: the health of Vietnam-Era Women\u2019s Study (HealthVIEWS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(11):1127-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1786.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22075","volume":"29","author":"KM Magruder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Magruder KM, Goldberg J, Forsberg CW, et al. Long-term trajectories of PTSD in Vietnam-Era Veterans: the course and consequences of PTSD in twins. J Trauma Stress. 2016;29(1):5-16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.22075.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.04.014","volume":"6","author":"AZ Mohamed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohamed AZ, Cumming P, Nasrallah FA, Department of Defense Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. White matter alterations are associated with cognitive dysfunction decades after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and\/or posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021;6(11):1100-1109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.04.014.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging."},{"issue":"SUPPL 1","key":"9601_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14130","volume":"61","author":"JP Ney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ney JP, Fenton BT, Seng EK, Sico JJ. Is post-traumatic headache in veterans different than traumatic brain injury with headache? Headache. 2021;61(SUPPL 1):51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14130.","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.615","volume":"157","author":"AN Ortega","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ortega AN, Rosenheck R. Posttraumatic stress disorder among Hispanic Vietnam Veterans. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(4):615-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.615.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21916","volume":"27","author":"KD Renshaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Renshaw KD, Campbell SB, Meis L, Erbes C. Gender differences in the associations of PTSD symptom clusters with relationship distress in U.S. Vietnam Veterans and their partners. J Trauma Stress. 2014;27(3):283-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21916.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000004077.22408.cf","volume":"16","author":"PP Schnurr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schnurr PP, Lunney CA, Sengupta A, Waelde LC. A descriptive analysis of PTSD chronicity in Vietnam Veterans. J Trauma Stress. 2003;16(6):545-53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000004077.22408.cf.","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.02.005","volume":"3","author":"MW Weiner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weiner MW, Harvey D, Hayes J, et al. Effects of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Vietnam Veterans using the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Preliminary Report. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2017;3(2):177-188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trci.2017.02.005.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026279","volume":"9","author":"M Yoder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoder M, Tuerk PW, Price M, et al. Prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: comparing outcomes for veterans of different wars. Psychol Serv. 2012;9(1):16-25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0026279.","journal-title":"Psychol Serv."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf","volume":"70","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boscarino JA. A prospective study of PTSD and early-age heart disease mortality among Vietnam Veterans: implications for surveillance and prevention. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(6):668-76. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12848","volume":"52","author":"CW Forsberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forsberg CW, Estrada SA, Baraff A, et al. Risk factors for suicide in the Vietnam-era twin registry. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2022;52(4):631-641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sltb.12848.","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0585-4","volume":"23","author":"J Goldberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldberg J, Magruder KM, Forsberg CW, et al. The association of PTSD with physical and mental health functioning and disability (VA Cooperative Study #569: the course and consequences of posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam-era veteran twins). Qual Life Res. 2014;23(5):1579-91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0585-4.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000105998.90425.6a","volume":"192","author":"DR Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson DR, Fontana A, Lubin H, Corn B, Rosenheck R. Long-term course of treatment-seeking Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: mortality, clinical condition, and life satisfaction. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004;192(1):35-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.nmd.0000105998.90425.6a.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"9601_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00059-6","volume":"45","author":"BL Kagan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kagan BL, Leskin G, Haas B, Wilkins J, Foy D. Elevated lipid levels in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45(3):374-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(98)00059-6.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909115586556","volume":"33","author":"E Kelley-Cook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kelley-Cook E, Nguyen G, Lee S, Edwards TM, Sanchez-Reilly S. Medication needs vary for terminally ill Vietnam Era Veterans with and without a diagnosis of PTSD. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2016;33(7):625-32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049909115586556.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-018-4241-7","volume":"46","author":"AZ Mohamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamed AZ, Cumming P, Gotz J, Nasrallah F, Department of Defense Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Tauopathy in veterans with long-term posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019;46(5):1139-1151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-018-4241-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/nhh.0000000000000261","volume":"33","author":"B Elliott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elliott B. Caring for Vietnam Veterans. Home Healthc Now. 2015;33(7):358-65; quiz 366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nhh.0000000000000261.","journal-title":"Home Healthc Now."},{"issue":"10","key":"9601_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1111","DOI":"10.7205\/milmed-d-14-00696","volume":"180","author":"DV Nelson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nelson DV, Esty ML. Neurotherapy of traumatic brain injury\/post-traumatic stress symptoms in Vietnam Veterans. Mil Med. 2015;180(10):e1111-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7205\/milmed-d-14-00696.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27095","volume":"60","author":"F Kanwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanwal F, Kramer JR, Ilyas J, Duan Z, El-Serag HB. HCV genotype 3 is associated with an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer in a national sample of U.S. Veterans with HCV. Hepatology. 2014;60(1):98-105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27095.","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200011000-00018","volume":"42","author":"HK Kang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Selvin S. Prevalence of gynecologic cancers among female Vietnam Veterans. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;42(11):1121-1127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00043764-200011000-00018.","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"9601_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/nmd.0000000000000879","volume":"206","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boscarino JA, Adams RE, Urosevich TG, et al. Mental health impact of homecoming experience among 1730 formerly deployed Veterans from the Vietnam War to current conflicts: results from the Veterans\u2019 Health Study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2018;206(10):757-764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nmd.0000000000000879.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"9601_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1097\/htr.0000000000000046","volume":"30","author":"A Brioschi Guevara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brioschi Guevara A, D\u00e9monet JF, Polejaeva E, et al. Association between long-term cognitive decline in Vietnam Veterans with TBI and caregiver attachment style. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015;30(1):E26-33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/htr.0000000000000046.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2188427","volume":"58","author":"YS Cypel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cypel YS, DePhilippis D, Davey VJ. Substance use in U.S. Vietnam War Era Veterans and Nonveterans: Results from the Vietnam Era health retrospective observational study. Subst Use Misuse. 2023;58(7):858-870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2023.2188427.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00001","volume":"60","author":"SA Eisen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eisen SA, Neuman R, Goldberg J, et al. Contribution of emotionally traumatic events and inheritance to the report of current physical health problems in 4042 Vietnam era veteran twin pairs. Psychosom Med. 1998;60(5):533-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00001.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"9601_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.12788\/fp.0131","volume":"38","author":"EM Ellsworth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellsworth EM, Bacigalupo KJ, Palla KR, et al. Risk factors and antipsychotic usage patterns associated with terminal delirium in a Veteran long-term care hospice population. Fed Pract. 2021;38(5):202-208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12788\/fp.0131.","journal-title":"Fed Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4193","volume":"30","author":"CE Gould","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gould CE, Rideaux T, Spira AP, Beaudreau SA. Depression and anxiety symptoms in male Veterans and Non-Veterans: the Health and Retirement Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30(6):623-30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4193.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"9601_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0747","volume":"75","author":"M Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang M, Shah A, Su S, et al. Association of depressive symptoms and heart rate variability in Vietnam War-Era twins: a longitudinal twin difference study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(7):705-712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0747.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."},{"key":"9601_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.019","volume":"158","author":"PJ Na","year":"2023","unstructured":"Na PJ, Schnurr PP, Pietrzak RH. Mental health of U.S. combat veterans by war era: Results from the National health and Resilience in veterans study. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;158:36-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.12.019.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"9601_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921203","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.921203","volume":"13","author":"ML Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang ML, Yang DX, Sun Z, et al. MRI-visible perivascular spaces associated with cognitive impairment in Military Veterans with traumatic brain injury mediated by CSF P-Tau. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:921203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.921203.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.003","volume":"51","author":"KM Knutson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knutson KM, Rakowsky ST, Solomon J, et al. Injured brain regions associated with anxiety in Vietnam Veterans. Neuropsychologia. 2013;51(4):686-94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.003.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9601_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz288","volume":"185","author":"DM Atkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atkinson DM, Doane BM, Thuras PD, Leskela MR, Shiroma PR. Mental health diagnoses in Veterans referred for outpatient geriatric psychiatric care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Mil Med. 2020;185(3-4):e347-e351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usz288.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"9601_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000505X","volume":"52","author":"HL Ditmars","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ditmars HL, Logue MW, Toomey R, et al. Associations between depression and cardiometabolic health: a 27-year longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2022;52(14):3007-3017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S003329172000505X.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"9601_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Mather SH, Matanoski G. Pregnancy outcomes among U.S. women Vietnam Veterans. Am J Ind Med. 2000;38(4):447-54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0274(200010)38:4<447::aid-ajim11>3.0.co;2-j.","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200010)38:4<447::aid-ajim11>3.0.co;2-j"},{"key":"9601_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health status of Vietnam veterans. III. Reproductive outcomes and child health. The Centers for Disease Control Vietnam Experience Study. JAMA. 1988;259(18):2715\u20139.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720180041030"},{"key":"9601_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201706-483MG","volume":"15","author":"Y Cypel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cypel Y, Hines SE, Davey VJ, Eber SM, Schneiderman AI. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and herbicide exposure in Vietnam-Era US Army Chemical Corps Veterans. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2018;15:S132-S132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201706-483MG.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"9601_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2014-204345","volume":"69","author":"AC Phillips","year":"2015","unstructured":"Phillips AC, Carroll D, Drayson MT, Batty GD. Raised levels of immunoglobulin G, A and M are associated with an increased risk of total and cause-specific mortality: the Vietnam Experience Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69(2):129-35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech-2014-204345.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health."},{"key":"9601_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.011","volume":"1032","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boscarino JA. Posttraumatic stress disorder and physical illness: results from clinical and epidemiologic studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1032:141-53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1314.011.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"9601_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318265fe64","volume":"73","author":"PJ Dougherty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dougherty PJ, McFarland LV, Smith DG, Reiber GE. Combat-incurred bilateral transfemoral limb loss: a comparison of the Vietnam War to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6):1590-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TA.0b013e318265fe64.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"9601_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1029-0","volume":"24","author":"CE Foote","year":"2015","unstructured":"Foote CE, Kinnon JM, Robbins C, Pessagno R, Portner MD. Long-term health and quality of life experiences of Vietnam Veterans with combat-related limb loss. Qual Life Res. 2015;24(12):2853-61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-015-1029-0.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"9601_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.3004","volume":"148","author":"NB Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang NB, Garza LA, Foote CE, Kang S, Meyerle JH. High prevalence of stump dermatoses 38 years or more after amputation. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(11):1283-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.3004.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"9601_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2009.03.0022","volume":"47","author":"JZ Laferrier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laferrier JZ, McFarland LV, Boninger ML, Cooper RA, Reiber GE. Wheeled mobility: factors influencing mobility and assistive technology in veterans and servicemembers with major traumatic limb loss from Vietnam war and OIF\/OEF conflicts. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2010;47(4):349-360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1682\/jrrd.2009.03.0022.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"9601_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.013","volume":"151","author":"A Lundin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lundin A, Mortensen LH. Mortality from alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder: findings from the Vietnam Experience Study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;151:135-43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.03.013.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"9601_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv669","volume":"56","author":"DL Washington","year":"2016","unstructured":"Washington DL, Bird CE, LaMonte MJ, et al. Military generation and its relationship to mortality in Women Veterans in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative. Gerontologist. 2016;56:S126-S137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnv669.","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9601_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usab249","volume":"187","author":"KA Fairman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fairman KA, Buckley K. Association of potential for deaths of despair with age and Military Service Era. Mil Med. 2022;187(3-4):453-463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/milmed\/usab249.","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"key":"9601_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13586","author":"JC Boggan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boggan JC, Allaudeen N, Shaw H, Cantrell S, Akwe J. Health conditions seen frequently in hospitalized United States Veterans who served after 9\/11\/2001: a scoping review. J Hosp Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhm.13586.","journal-title":"J Hosp Med."},{"key":"9601_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akwe J, Hunt DP. (forthcoming). Enhancing Awareness and Care: Addressing Military Sexual Trauma Among Women Veterans.\u00a0South Med J. 2025;118(8).","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000001855"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T15:02:20Z","timestamp":1757170940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09601-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0884-8734"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1525-1497"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}