{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:00:24Z","timestamp":1780621224224,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK040561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK040561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 DK132733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 DK132733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UE5 DK137285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UE5 DK137285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T10:55:34Z","timestamp":1749120934000},"page":"1565-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends and Disparities in Clinician Diagnosis of Overweight and Obesity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Simar S.","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir","family":"Khunte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Cody","family":"Stanford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"9633_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.03.006","volume":"52","author":"MMA Yuen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuen MMA. Health Complications of Obesity: 224 Obesity-Associated Comorbidities from a Mechanistic Perspective. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2023;52(2):363-380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gtc.2023.03.006","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am."},{"key":"9633_CR2","unstructured":"Waters H, Graf M. American Obesity Crisis: The Health and Economic Costs. Milken Institute; 2020. Accessed July 21, 2021. https:\/\/milkeninstitute.org\/report\/americas-obesity-crisis-health-and-economic-costs-excess-weight"},{"key":"9633_CR3","unstructured":"Hales CM, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2017\u20132018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020;(360). Accessed November 20, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/products\/databriefs\/db360.htm"},{"issue":"12","key":"9633_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.07.021","volume":"96","author":"MD Claridy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claridy MD, Czepiel KS, Bajaj SS, Stanford FC. Treatment of Obesity: Pharmacotherapy Trends of Office-Based Visits in the United States From 2011 to 2016. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(12):2991-3000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.07.021","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"9633_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2015.08.496","volume":"11","author":"J Ponce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ponce J, Nguyen NT, Hutter M, Sudan R, Morton JM. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery estimation of bariatric surgery procedures in the United States, 2011-2014. Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg. 2015;11(6):1199-1200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soard.2015.08.496","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis Off J Am Soc Bariatr Surg."},{"key":"9633_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205520762091871","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207620918715","volume":"6","author":"A Kapoor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapoor A, Kim J, Zeng X, Harris ST, Anderson A. Weighing the odds: Assessing underdiagnosis of adult obesity via electronic medical record problem list omissions. Digit Health. 2020;6:2055207620918715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055207620918715","journal-title":"Digit Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"9633_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4338\/ACI-2016-07-RA-0115","volume":"8","author":"A Mattar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mattar A, Carlston D, Sariol G, et al. The Prevalence of Obesity Documentation in Primary Care Electronic Medical Records. Appl Clin Inform. 2017;8(1):67-79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4338\/ACI-2016-07-RA-0115","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform."},{"key":"9633_CR8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES - National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Homepage. Accessed August 26, 2023. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/index.htm"},{"issue":"4","key":"9633_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23405","volume":"30","author":"SS Bajaj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bajaj SS, Jain B, Kyle TK, Gallagher C, Stanford FC, Srivastava G. Overcoming Congressional Inertia On Obesity Requires Better Literacy in Obesity Science. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2022;30(4):799-801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23405","journal-title":"Obes Silver Spring Md."},{"key":"9633_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lorts C. Disparities in Who Receives Weight-Loss Advice From a Health Care Provider: Does Income Make a Difference? Prev Chronic Dis. 2019;13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd13.160183","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd13.160183"},{"issue":"11","key":"9633_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039295","volume":"10","author":"ML Greaney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greaney ML, Cohen SA, Xu F, Ward-Ritacco CL, Riebe D. Healthcare Provider Counselling for Weight Management Behaviours Among Adults With Overweight or Obesity: a Cross-sectional Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011\u20132018. BMJ Open. 2020;10(11):e039295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039295","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"9633_CR12","unstructured":"Gilbert D. Insurers clamping down on doctors who prescribe Ozempic for weight loss. Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/2023\/06\/11\/weight-loss-ozempic-wegovy-insurance\/. June 11, 2023. Accessed September 4, 2024."},{"key":"9633_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul T, Sciacca R, Bier M, Rodriguez J, Song S, Giardina E. Size Misperception Among Overweight and Obese Families. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-014-3002-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-3002-y"},{"key":"9633_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robinson E, Oldham M. Weight Status Misperceptions Among UK Adults: the Use of Self-reported Vs. Measured BMI. BMC Obes. 2016;3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40608-016-0102-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-016-0102-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"9633_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-9945-0","volume":"24","author":"CL Tompkins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tompkins CL, Seablom M, Brock DW. Parental Perception of Child\u2019s Body Weight: A Systematic Review. J Child Fam Stud. 2015;24(5):1384-1391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-014-9945-0","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud."},{"issue":"11","key":"9633_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005561","volume":"4","author":"F Johnson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johnson F, Beeken RJ, Croker H, Wardle J. Do Weight Perceptions Among Obese Adults in Great Britain Match Clinical Definitions? Analysis of Cross-sectional Surveys From 2007 and 2012. BMJ Open. 2014;4(11):e005561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005561","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"10","key":"9633_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12570","volume":"18","author":"E Robinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robinson E. Overweight but Unseen: a Review of the Underestimation of Weight Status and a Visual Normalization Theory. Obes Rev. 2017;18(10):1200-1209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12570","journal-title":"Obes Rev."},{"key":"9633_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1004923","author":"T Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song T, Szurop M, Song T, Szurop M. Immigrant Ethnic Enclaves: Causes and Consequences. IntechOpen; 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1004923","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"9633_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100394","volume":"7","author":"V Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins V, Nazroo J, Brown M. Pathways to Ethnic Differences in Obesity: The Role of Migration, Culture and Socio-economic Position in the UK. SSM - Popul Health. 2019;7:100394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2019.100394","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health."},{"key":"9633_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Robinson E, Kirkham TC. Is He a Healthy Weight? Exposure to Obesity Changes Perception of the Weight Status of Others. Int J Obes 2005. 2014;38(5):663-667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2013.154","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.154"},{"issue":"1","key":"9633_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13087","volume":"54","author":"AI Biener","year":"2019","unstructured":"Biener AI, Zuvekas SH. Do Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care Use Vary With Health? Health Serv Res. 2019;54(1):64-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.13087","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"9633_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.129","volume":"17","author":"NJ Davis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davis NJ, Wildman RP, Forbes BF, Schechter CB. Trends and Disparities in Provider Diagnosis of Overweight Analysis of NHANES 1999\u20132004. Obesity. 2009;17(11):2110-2113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2009.129","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"3","key":"9633_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-022-01297-4","volume":"10","author":"C Galli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Galli C, Li T. Racial Differences in Diagnosis of Overweight and Obesity: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2023;10(3):1096-1107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40615-022-01297-4","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities."},{"key":"9633_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Butsch WS, Kushner RF, Alford S, Smolarz BG. Low Priority of Obesity Education Leads to Lack of Medical Students\u2019 Preparedness to Effectively Treat Patients With Obesity: Results From the U.S. Medical School Obesity Education Curriculum Benchmark Study. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12909-020-1925-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-020-1925-z"},{"key":"9633_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Butsch WS, Robison K, Sharma R, Knecht J, Smolarz BG. Medicine Residents are Unprepared to Effectively Treat Patients with Obesity: Results from a U.S. Internal Medicine Residency Survey. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2020;7:2382120520973206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2382120520973206","DOI":"10.1177\/2382120520973206"},{"issue":"1","key":"9633_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01484-y","volume":"22","author":"M Orjuela-Grimm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orjuela-Grimm M, Butsch WS, Bhatt-Carre\u00f1o S, Smolarz BG, Rao G. Benchmarking of Provider Competencies and Current Training for Prevention and Management of Obesity Among Family Medicine Residency Programs: a Cross-sectional Survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-021-01484-y","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"9633_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22205","volume":"26","author":"RL Pearl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pearl RL, Wadden TA. Weight Stigma Affects Men Too. Obes Silver Spring Md. 2018;26(6):949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22205","journal-title":"Obes Silver Spring Md."},{"issue":"3","key":"9633_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040776","DOI":"10.1080\/26410397.2022.2040776","volume":"29","author":"C Corneliess","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corneliess C, Gray K, Kidwell Drake J, Namagembe A, Stout A, Cover J. Education As an Enabler, Not a Requirement: Ensuring Access to Self-care Options for All. Sex Reprod Health Matters. 2022;29(3):2040776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/26410397.2022.2040776","journal-title":"Sex Reprod Health Matters."},{"issue":"3","key":"9633_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092","volume":"50","author":"FQ Nuttall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nuttall FQ. Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):117-128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NT.0000000000000092","journal-title":"Nutr Today."},{"issue":"8","key":"9633_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.7326\/M24-0161","volume":"177","author":"SS Bajaj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bajaj SS, Zhong A, Zhang AL, Stanford FC. Body Mass Index Thresholds for Asians: A Race Correction in Need of Correction? Ann Intern Med. 2024;177(8):1127-1129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M24-0161","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"9633_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubino F, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, et al. Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Clinical Obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;0(0). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00316-4"},{"key":"9633_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bl\u00fcher M. Metabolically Healthy Obesity. Endocr Rev. 2020;41(3):bnaa004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa004","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaa004"},{"key":"9633_CR33","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences E, Division H and M, Practice B on PH and PH, et al. The State of Health Disparities in the United States. In: Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity. National Academies Press (US); 2017. Accessed February 8, 2025. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK425844\/"},{"key":"9633_CR34","unstructured":"Volkov E, Whitman A, Lew ND, Buchmueller T. Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Young Adults, Ages 19 to 25. Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation; 2024. Accessed February 8, 2025. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/5fa0b22f718d98887c8a758172058de3\/Young%20Adults%20Coverage%2010-31-2024.pdf"},{"issue":"17","key":"9633_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2020167118","volume":"118","author":"YC Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang YC, Walsh CE, Johnson MP, et al. Life-course Trajectories of Body Mass Index From Adolescence to Old Age: Racial and Educational Disparities. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2021;118(17):e2020167118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2020167118","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"9633_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255583","volume":"16","author":"JH Karnes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karnes JH, Arora A, Feng J, et al. Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Obesity and Body Fat Distribution: An All of Us Research Program Demonstration Project. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255583","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:03:02Z","timestamp":1780617782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09633-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"N\/A","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Ethics and Consent to Participate Declarations"}},{"value":"FCS has been an advisor\/consultant for the following:\u2022 Calibrate\u2022 GoodRx\u2022 Pfizer\u2022 Eli Lilly\u2022 Boehringer Ingelheim\u2022 Gelesis\u2022 Vida Health\u2022 Life Force\u2022 Ilant Health\u2022 Melli Cell\u2022 Novo Nordisk\u2022 Amgen\u2022 Currax","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}