{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:28:56Z","timestamp":1793755736587,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PaCR-2017C2-8153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PaCR-2017C2-8153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:59:23Z","timestamp":1762271963000},"page":"1920-1927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Mailed Patient Activation Letters for Blood Pressure Control: A Randomized Quality Improvement Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5004-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike K. W.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael O.","family":"Eseigbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime H.","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madelaine F.","family":"Modrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valy","family":"Fontil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Pletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"9946_CR1","unstructured":"Fryar CD, Kit B, Carroll MD, Afful J. Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Age 18 and Older: United States, August 2021\u2013August 2023. Accessed January 2, 2025. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/164016"},{"issue":"10053","key":"9946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","volume":"388","author":"MH Forouzanfar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1659\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00128-2","journal-title":"The Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"9946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084238","volume":"9","author":"R Khatib","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khatib R, Schwalm JD, Yusuf S, et al. Patient and healthcare provider barriers to hypertension awareness, treatment and follow up: a systematic review and meta-analysis of qualitative and quantitative studies. PloS One. 2014;9(1):e84238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0084238","journal-title":"PloS One."},{"issue":"7","key":"9946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004386","volume":"11","author":"V Fontil","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fontil V, Gupta R, Moise N, et al. Adapting and Evaluating a Health System Intervention From Kaiser Permanente to Improve Hypertension Management and Control in a Large Network of Safety-Net Clinics. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018;11(7):e004386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004386","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes."},{"issue":"25","key":"9946_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011121","volume":"97","author":"T Milman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milman T, Joundi RA, Alotaibi NM, Saposnik G. Clinical inertia in the pharmacological management of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(25):e11121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000011121","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"issue":"6","key":"9946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/14.6.509","volume":"14","author":"WN Kasje","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kasje WN, Denig P, Haaijer-Ruskamp FM. Specialists\u2019 expectations regarding joint treatment guidelines for primary and secondary care. Int J Qual Health Care. 2002;14(6):509\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/14.6.509","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care."},{"issue":"17","key":"9946_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2749","volume":"172","author":"RR Khanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanna RR, Victor RG, Bibbins-Domingo K, Shapiro MF, Pletcher MJ. Missed Opportunities for Treatment of Uncontrolled Hypertension at Physician Office Visits in the United States, 2005 Through 2009. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(17):1344\u20131345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.2749","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"9946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198903000-00008","volume":"27","author":"I McDowell","year":"1989","unstructured":"McDowell I, Newell C, Rosser W. A randomized trial of computerized reminders for blood pressure screening in primary care. Med Care. 1989;27(3):297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-198903000-00008","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"9946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.05.010","volume":"57","author":"H Meischke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meischke H, Ike BR, Fahrenbruch C, et al. Hypertension identification via emergency responders: a randomized controlled intervention study. Prev Med. 2013;57(6):914\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.05.010","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"9946_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.29271\/jcpsp.2018.06.423","volume":"28","author":"F Atik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Atik F, Aktas G, Kocak MZ, Erkus E, Savli H. Analysis of the Factors Related to the Blood Pressure Control in Hypertension. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018;28(6):423\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29271\/jcpsp.2018.06.423","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak."},{"issue":"6","key":"9946_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.010","volume":"51","author":"G Cicolini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicolini G, Simonetti V, Comparcini D, et al. Efficacy of a nurse-led email reminder program for cardiovascular prevention risk reduction in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2014;51(6):833\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.010","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"9946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.07571.x","volume":"10","author":"MT Kim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim MT, Kim EY, Han HR, et al. Mail education is as effective as in-class education in hypertensive Korean patients. J Clin Hypertens Greenwich Conn. 2008;10(3):176\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.07571.x","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens Greenwich Conn."},{"issue":"3","key":"9946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/08037050510008977","volume":"14","author":"E M\u00e1rquez Contreras","year":"2005","unstructured":"M\u00e1rquez Contreras E, Vegazo Garc\u00eda O, Martel Claros N, et al. Efficacy of telephone and mail intervention in patient compliance with antihypertensive drugs in hypertension. ETECUM-HTA study. Blood Press. 2005;14(3):151\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08037050510008977","journal-title":"ETECUM-HTA study. Blood Press."},{"issue":"5","key":"9946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051863","volume":"143","author":"LA Allen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allen LA, Venechuk G, McIlvennan CK, et al. An Electronically delivered, Patient-activation tool for Intensification of medications for Chronic Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EPIC-HF trial. Circulation. 2020;143(5):427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051863","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"9946_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muntner P, Shimbo D, Carey RM, et al. Measurement of Blood Pressure in Humans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979. 2019;73(5):e35-e66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000087"},{"key":"9946_CR16","unstructured":"Michie S,\u00a0Atkins L,\u00a0West R. The Behaviour Change Wheel: A Guide to Designing Interventions. Silverback UK; 2014."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T01:05:29Z","timestamp":1793754329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-09946-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"EngageRx is a clinical decision support tool developed at UCSF that authors MJP and VF co-invented. UCSF has registered intellectual property. All income from future licensing of EngageRx would go to UCSF. Author VF is the founder and owner of EngageRx, Inc., the company based on the EngageRx tool, and has equity in EngageRx, Inc., and was previously the CEO of the company. Author MJP has forgone all financial interests in EngageRx, Inc. and does not have a continuing relationship with the company.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}