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Primary care settings are critical for early detection of PAD, and understanding the landscape of PAD diagnosis patterns can help identify high-risk populations and inform screening strategies to address disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the epidemiological patterns of PAD diagnosis and examine the clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of patients diagnosed with PAD in US primary care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic health record data from the American Family Cohort (AFC) from 2018 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients over 40 years old with at least two primary care visits during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was documented PAD diagnosis. The secondary outcome was the cumulative incidence of PAD. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, body mass index, smoking status, and social deprivation index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 18,405 patients had a new diagnosis of PAD among 2,313,650 eligible patients. PAD\u00a0patients were more likely to be male (49% vs. 43%), older (64% of patients aged 60\u201379), current smokers (17% vs. 11%), from racial\/ethnic minority groups, and residing in areas with higher social deprivation. PAD patients also\u00a0had a significantly higher burden of medical comorbidities than non-PAD patients (CVD 10% vs. 3%; CAD 22% vs. 8%; heart failure 11% vs. 4%; hypertension 74% vs. 52%; diabetes 33% vs. 19%; hyperlipidemia 65% vs. 50%). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals had higher odds of PAD diagnosis compared to non-Hispanic Whites across all comorbidity groups. Unlike CAD and hyperlipidemia with decreased incidence, PAD incidence increased notably in 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PAD diagnosis patterns across racial, ethnic, and neighborhood socioeconomic groups reveal significant differences in burden of disease. Optimized screening in the primary care setting targeting these high-risk groups is important to improve early detection and reduce PAD-related disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-10050-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T18:41:50Z","timestamp":1765219310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peripheral Artery Disease in US Primary Care Practices: A Retrospective EHR-Based Analysis from 2018 to 2022"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Valentine C.","family":"Nriagu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00a0Shiying","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil S.","family":"Kamdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Fukaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Kallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Rehkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsie G.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10050_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1020","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30255-4","volume":"7","author":"P Song","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, et al. 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