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Identifying approaches that can improve the health of this population is crucial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) provides permanent supportive housing (PSH) assistance. We examined whether obtaining PSH through HUD-VASH was associated with changes in outcomes among Veterans with CVD experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a difference-in-differences (DID) approach, outcomes among Veterans who received a HUD-VASH voucher and moved into PSH within one month (early group) were compared with those who received a voucher but remained unhoused for at least six months (delayed group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Veterans\u2009\u2265\u200918\u00a0years of age with CVD (coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, ischemic stroke\/cerebrovascular disease, or atrial fibrillation) who experienced\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0months of homelessness and received a HUD-VASH voucher in 2016 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Entering PSH after receiving a HUD-VASH voucher.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six-month probability of a cardiovascular ED visit or hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 970 Veterans with CVD experiencing homelessness, 845 were in the early and 125 in the delayed PSH group. There was a significant decrease in the 6-month probability of cardiovascular ED visits or hospitalizations (16.3% [95% CI 13.9% \u2013 18.7%] to 11.9% [95% CI 9.8% \u2013 14.0%]) among Veterans who received a voucher and moved into PSH within one month, but no statistically significant change among Veterans who did not move into PSH for at least 6\u00a0months (13.4% [95% CI 8.0% \u2013 18.8%] to 18.1% [95% CI 11.4% \u2013 24.8%]) for a DID estimate of -9.1 (95% CI -17.7 \u2013 -0.5) percentage points,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obtaining PSH through HUD-VASH was associated with a significant decrease in the probability of CVD related ED visits or hospitalizations among Veterans with chronic CVD experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10219-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:58:05Z","timestamp":1772819885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Permanent Supportive Housing and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Sameed Ahmed M.","family":"Khatana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.","family":"Groeneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10219_CR1","unstructured":"VA Homeless Programs. 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