{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:47:56Z","timestamp":1782406076305,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015615","name":"National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5UG1DA013720-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5UG1DA013720-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given stigmatizing attitudes held by many healthcare providers toward substance use, medical and dental school applicants in recovery from past substance use face the dilemma of whether to disclose this during the admissions process. We assessed current physicians\u2019 and dentists\u2019 perceptions of the risk that such disclosure would have on an applicant\u2019s prospects of admission and how this was influenced if the disclosure was framed as part of a professional journey to help others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A national probability survey of physicians and dentists using a sampling frame from the American Medical Association and American Dental Associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online and paper questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One thousand two hundred forty emergency department physicians, primary care physicians, and dentists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 125-item survey assessing provider stigma toward people with substance use disorders with two questions on the perceived risk of disclosure of substance use on medical and dental school applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 82.5% of physicians and dentists reported that disclosure of a history of substance use by medical or dental school applicants would carry a \u201cmoderate\u201d or \u201csignificant\u201d risk for adverse admissions outcomes. When past substance use was framed as part of an applicant\u2019s professional motivation, half of the respondents (49.8%) perceived disclosure as \u201cmoderately\u201d or \u201csignificantly\u201d risky. Respondents who reported having a friend or patient who uses or used drugs were more likely to perceive substance use disclosure (without context) as riskier than their corresponding colleagues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physicians and dentists overall perceive high risk for adverse admissions outcomes when applicants disclose their past substance use in their medical and dental school applications. This risk is lessened yet remains prominent when the experience is framed as part of the applicant\u2019s professional motivation. This may reflect a certain persistence of stigma among physicians and dentists toward people with a history of substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10233-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:13:40Z","timestamp":1773076420000},"page":"2560-2566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Perceptions of Substance Use Recovery Disclosure in Medical School Applications: A National Sample of Physicians and Dentists"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6368-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ganek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James K.","family":"Colgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret R.","family":"Pereyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrigan L.","family":"Parish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana E.","family":"Horigian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold A.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Feaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Metsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10233_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kennedy-Hendricks A, Busch SH, McGinty EE, Bachhuber MA, Niederdeppe J, et al. 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The\u00a0opinions expressed in this article are the author's own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the\u00a0Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Miami (UM; IRB# IRB00010711). Given the minimal risk involved, a waiver of written informed consent was granted. Participants received a cover letter with the necessary information to make an informed decision regarding participation, and consent was implied through the act of completing the survey.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human Ethics and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}