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Government safety net programs aim to improve equality of opportunity and might reduce such disproportionate effects but face constraints of limited resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the social spending priorities of low-income individuals through informed group deliberations using a structured budget tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The CHoosing All Together (CHAT) exercise was used to engage low-income persons in informed deliberations to set priorities for social programs within a limited budget.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one English-speaking and five Spanish-speaking groups composed of low-income individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants first made individual spending choices, then deliberated as a group to jointly allocate resources, and finally repeated individual choices. Deliberations were audio recorded and analyzed to understand reasoning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Before<\/jats:italic>\n                      group deliberations, individuals allocated at least some resources for food (89%), internet access (82%), transportation (80%), post-high school education (74%), income supplements (69%), employment assistance (68%), PreK-HS education (67%), housing (66%), climate protection (65%), and legal assistance (42%). Only health insurance and neighborhood were chosen by most individuals at the highest available spending level.\n                      <jats:italic>After<\/jats:italic>\n                      group deliberations, PreK-HS education was also selected at the highest possible level by most individuals.\u00a0A majority of\n                      <jats:italic>groups<\/jats:italic>\n                      prioritized health insurance, neighborhood, PreK-HS education, climate protection, and internet access at the highest level. Deliberations emphasized basic needs, like food and health insurance, concern for the future (education), and learning from disasters (internet and climate).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The priorities and reason-giving of people most affected by government spending on social determinants of health provide valuable insights and justification for policy-makers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10361-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T18:20:08Z","timestamp":1776190808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deliberations on Government Spending Priorities: Listen to the People"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0258-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan Dorr","family":"Goold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Romanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Danis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"10361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00833-4","volume":"8","author":"V Abedi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abedi V, Olulana O, Avula V, et al. 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