{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:00:39Z","timestamp":1790010039711,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008069","name":"University of California, San Francisco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:03:18Z","timestamp":1790006598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cI Can Open the Door\u201d: Sponsorship Roles and Practices in Academic Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia F.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8125-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4357-842X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen A.","family":"McGourty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3143-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crystal","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell D.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams MF, Yank V, O\u2019Sullivan P, Alldredge B, Feldman MD. Faculty knowledge, actions, and perceptions of sponsorship: an institutional survey study. Med Educ Online. 2023;28(1):2218665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10872981.2023.2218665.","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2023.2218665"},{"key":"10573_CR2","unstructured":"Hewlett SA. The sponsor effect: how to be a better leader by investing in others. Harvard Business Review Press; 2019. https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Sponsor-Effect-Better-Leader-Investing\/dp\/1633695654"},{"key":"10573_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayyala MS, Skarupski K, Bodurtha JN, et al. Mentorship is not enough: exploring sponsorship and its role in career advancement in academic medicine. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2019;94(1):94-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002398.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002398"},{"key":"10573_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pachulicz S, Schmitt N, Kuljanin G. A model of career success: a longitudinal study of emergency physicians. J Vocat Behav. 2008;73(2):242-253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvb.2008.05.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2008.05.003"},{"key":"10573_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine RB, Ayyala MS, Skarupski KA, et al. \u201cIt\u2019s a little different for men\u201d-sponsorship and gender in academic medicine: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(1):1-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-020-05956-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-05956-2"},{"key":"10573_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hobgood C, Draucker C. Gender differences in experiences of leadership emergence among emergency medicine department chairs. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(3):e221860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.1860.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.1860"},{"key":"10573_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schwartz R, Williams MF, Feldman MD. Does sponsorship promote equity in career advancement in academic medicine? A scoping review. J Gen Intern Med. 2024;39(3):470-480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-023-08542-4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08542-4"},{"key":"10573_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lane-Fall MB, Gordon EKB, Valentine EA, Black SA, Kapur PA, Fleisher LA. Fostering belonging in academic anaesthesiology: faculty and department chair perspectives on supporting women anaesthesiologists. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(3):e155-e159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.12.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.12.023"},{"key":"10573_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mendez SL, Tygret JA, Conley VM, Keith R, Haynes C, Gerhardt R. Emeriti faculty as mentors: the benefits and rewards of mentoring the next generation. Mentor Tutoring Partnersh Learn. 2019;27(4):439-457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13611267.2019.1649921.","DOI":"10.1080\/13611267.2019.1649921"},{"key":"10573_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feldman MD, O\u2019Sullivan P. Developing a culture of mentoring. In: Mentoring in health professions education: evidence-informed strategies across the continuum. Vol 1. 1st ed. Springer; 3\u201312.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-86935-9_1"},{"key":"10573_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis. Qual Psychol. 2021;8(1):37\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/qup0000196.","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000196"},{"key":"10573_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guptill M, Reibling ET, Clem K. Deciding to lead: a qualitative study of women leaders in emergency medicine. Int J Emerg Med. 2018;11(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12245-018-0206-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-018-0206-7"},{"key":"10573_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patton EW, Griffith KA, Jones RD, Stewart A, Ubel PA, Jagsi R. Differences in mentor-mentee sponsorship in male vs female recipients of National Institutes of Health Grants. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(4):580-582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9391.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.9391"},{"key":"10573_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy B, Gottlieb AS. The career advising program: a strategy to achieve gender equity in academic medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(6):601-602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-016-3969-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3969-7"},{"key":"10573_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shah SS, Spector ND. The art of sponsorship: priming talent for success in academic medicine. J Hosp Med. Published online September 30, 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jhm.13517.","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13517"},{"key":"10573_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gottlieb AS, Travis EL. Rationale and models for career advancement sponsorship in academic medicine: the time is here; the time is now. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2018;93(11):1620-1623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002342.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002342"},{"key":"10573_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Wescott S, Amador J, Hayes AA, Owen M, Chatterjee A. Lasting solutions for advancement of women of color. Acad Med J Assoc Am Med Coll. 2022;97(11):1587-1591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004785.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000004785"},{"key":"10573_CR18","unstructured":"Rodriguez JE, Campbell KM, Fogarty JP, Williams RL. Underrepresented minority faculty in academic medicine: a systematic review of URM faculty development. Fam Med. 2014;46(2):100-104."},{"key":"10573_CR19","unstructured":"Ibarra H, Carter NM, Silva C. Why men still get more promotions than women. Harv Bus Rev. 2010;88(9):80\u201385, 126."},{"key":"10573_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Callander JK, Johnson DE, Grandis JR. Social capital as a catalyst for gender inequality: a scoping review of networking disparities in academic medicine. Cancer. 2025;131(1):e35667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.35667.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35667"},{"key":"10573_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cutter CM, Griffith KA, Settles IH, et al. Gender differences in faculty perceptions of mentorship and sponsorship. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2355663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.55663.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.55663"},{"key":"10573_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chow CJ, Ferrel MN, Graham EM, Fix ML. Perspectives from students and faculty on how women achieve leadership roles in academic medicine: an exploratory qualitative study. Cureus. 2024;16(4):e57969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.57969.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57969"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:03:20Z","timestamp":1790006600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10573-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The study was approved as exempt by the UCSF Institutional Review Board (IRB).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Human Ethics and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}