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Understanding applicant factors associated with successful entry into fellowship can inform application strategies and fellowship selection processes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate internal medicine resident applicant factors associated with successful entry into fellowship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional study of all single-time applicants to the eight largest internal medicine subspecialties from 2008 to 2020 utilizing nationwide data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Applicants to cardiovascular disease, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology\/oncology, infectious disease, pulmonary\/critical care medicine (PCCM), nephrology, and rheumatology. Applicant characteristics included demographics (age, sex, and underrepresented in medicine [URiM] status), publication count, chief resident status, graduate degree, medical school setting (Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Osteopathy [DO], and International Medical Graduate [IMG]), and residency program setting\/size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Applicants were defined as successful if they applied to fellowship and were subsequently documented as fellows in that subspecialty the next year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 38,179 applicants, 32,091 (84.1%) were successful. In multivariable analysis, the highest publication count (\u2265\u200911) compared to the lowest count (0) was associated with higher likelihood of success (aOR 4.18, 95% CI 3.57\u20134.90). Groups with lower likelihood of success included older (0.88, 0.88\u20130.89),\u00a0female (0.89, 0.83\u20130.94), URiM (0.84, 0.77\u20130.93), DO (0.53, 0.47\u20130.59), and IMG (0.44, 0.41\u20130.47) applicants, as well as those who attended community-based (0.53, 0.47\u20130.61) or community-based, university-affiliated residencies (0.65, 0.60\u20130.71). Female applicants to cardiovascular disease and gastroenterology and URiM applicants to PCCM had lower likelihood of success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Applicants with higher publication count had a higher likelihood of success, whereas older,\u00a0female, URiM, DO, and IMG applicants had a lower likelihood. Fellowship programs and their governing bodies should consider the adoption of mission-aligned selection processes to provide more balanced consideration of applicant characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10688-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:25:42Z","timestamp":1788884742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characteristics and Success of Internal Medicine Applicants to Subspecialty Fellowships"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3948-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil S.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyaw Min","family":"Tun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Babik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Huppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Wahi-Gururaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10688_CR1","unstructured":"Results and Data: Specialties Matching Service, 2024 Appointment Year. 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