{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:24:19Z","timestamp":1790133859397,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary care providers may be patients\u2019 first contact for unwanted pregnancy. In states with mandatory waiting periods for abortion, training internal medicine (IM) residents to initiate these waiting periods may reduce barriers to abortion care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and evaluate the feasibility and early implementation signals of a brief, cognitively optimized training enabling IM residents to recall and initiate Pennsylvania\u2019s mandatory waiting period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting\/Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four IM residents participated across four sessions as part of regularly scheduled educational programming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Program Description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed an electronic medical record (EMR) smart phrase checklist for initiating the state-mandated waiting period. We delivered the training session on abortion law and checklist use four times, incorporating resident feedback after each session.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Program Evaluation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluation focused on feasibility and short-term learning (embedded knowledge questions, participant feedback), with EMR smart phrase use as an exploratory uptake signal over 5 months. Findings revealed knowledge gaps about state abortion law. Residents requested additional information in the first three sessions, but not the fourth. Six smart phrase users published EMR notes using the checklist. Two residents initiated the waiting period outside EMR capture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This training was feasible to implement and supported learners\u2019 ability to recall and access a workflow-embedded tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T16:46:59Z","timestamp":1787158019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Just in Time Training for Internal Medicine Residents to Initiate State-Mandated Waiting Periods for Abortion Care"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Lydia E.","family":"Federico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Jessica","family":"Dine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Schapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila M.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-23-00319.1","volume":"15","author":"CC Bauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bauer CC, Jackson A, Kumar N, Bauer K, Zite N. Turning Rage Into Action: Abortion Care and Residency Training in the United States. J Grad Med Educ. 2023;15(3):291-295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4300\/JGME-D-23-00319.1.","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ."},{"key":"10698_CR2","unstructured":"Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act. 1989.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.legis.state.pa.us\/cfdocs\/legis\/LI\/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=18&div=0&chpt=32.\u00a0Accessed 9 Sept 2023."},{"key":"10698_CR3","unstructured":"Counseling and Waiting Period Requirements for Abortion, State Laws and Policies (as of April 2026). Guttmacher Institute; 2026. https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/state-policy\/explore\/counseling-and-waiting-periods-abortion.\u00a0Accessed 13 May 2026."},{"key":"10698_CR4","unstructured":"Joyce TJ, Henshaw SK, Dennis A, Finer LB, Blanchard K. The Impact of State Mandatory Counseling and Waiting Period Laws on Abortion: A Literature Review. Guttmacher Institute; 2009. https:\/\/www.guttmacher.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pdfs\/pubs\/MandatoryCounseling.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10698_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13620-z","volume":"22","author":"F de Londras","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Londras F, Cleeve A, Rodriguez MI, Farrell A, Furgalska M, Lavelanet A. The impact of mandatory waiting periods on abortion-related outcomes: a synthesis of legal and health evidence. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13620-z.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"10698_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2021.0078","volume":"32","author":"WR Sheldon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheldon WR, Ely GE, Rouland RS. Does Tennessee\u2019s Mandatory Waiting Period Law Systematically Prevent Residents of the Most Economically Disadvantaged Zip Codes from Accessing Abortion? An Exploratory Analysis. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2021;32(2):1034-1046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/hpu.2021.0078.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved."},{"issue":"1","key":"10698_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2015.1077205","volume":"26","author":"RJ Mercier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mercier RJ, Buchbinder M, Bryant A. TRAP laws and the invisible labor of US abortion providers. Critical Public Health. 2016;26(1):77-87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2015.1077205.","journal-title":"Critical Public Health."},{"key":"10698_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frye AW, Hemmer PA. Program evaluation models and related theories: AMEE Guide No. 67. Med Teach. 2012;34(5):e288-e299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0142159X.2012.668637.","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2012.668637"},{"key":"10698_CR9","unstructured":"Frechtling JA. Logic Modeling Methods in Program Evaluation. John Wiley & Sons; 2007."},{"issue":"5","key":"10698_CR10","first-page":"334","volume":"42","author":"AM Davis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davis AM, Cannon M, Ables AZ, Bendyk H. Using the electronic medical record to improve asthma severity documentation and treatment among family medicine residents. Fam Med. 2010;42(5):334-337.","journal-title":"Fam Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T16:47:00Z","timestamp":1787158020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["10698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10698-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was deemed exempt on June 6, 2024 (Protocol # 855984), by University of Pennsylvania International Review Board.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}