{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:22:28Z","timestamp":1788182548497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:08:11Z","timestamp":1788181691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ask\u2013Audit\u2013Apply: A Framework for Clinical Reasoning with Artificial Intelligence"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5881-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy C.","family":"Ziegelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00a0Abdulnour RE, Gin B, Boscardin CK. Educational strategies for clinical supervision of artificial intelligence use. N Engl J Med. 2025;393:786-797.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2503232"},{"key":"10741_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sackett DL, Rosenberg WMC, Gray JAM, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn\u2019t. BMJ. 1996;312:71\u201372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7023.71"},{"key":"10741_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995;123(3):A12\u2013A13.","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12"},{"key":"10741_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924\u2013926.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"10741_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norman GR, Monteiro SD, Sherbino J, Ilgen JS, Schmidt HG, Mamede S. The causes of errors in clinical reasoning: cognitive biases, knowledge deficits, and dual process thinking. Acad Med. 2017;92:23\u201330.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001421"},{"key":"10741_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook DA, Durning SJ, Sherbino J, Gruppen LD. Management reasoning: implications for health professions educators and a research agenda. Acad Med. 2019;94:1310\u20131316.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002768"},{"key":"10741_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croskerry P. The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Acad Med. 2003;78:775\u2013780.","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200308000-00003"},{"key":"10741_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graber ML, Franklin N, Gordon R. Diagnostic error in internal medicine. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1493\u20131499.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.13.1493"},{"key":"10741_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parasuraman R, Riley V. Humans and automation: use, misuse, disuse, abuse. Hum Factors. 1997;39:230\u2013253.","DOI":"10.1518\/001872097778543886"},{"key":"10741_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Goddard K, Roudsari A, Wyatt JC. Automation bias: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19:121\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000089"},{"key":"10741_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lyell D, Coiera E. Automation bias and verification complexity. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2017;24:423\u2013431.","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocw105"},{"key":"10741_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health:\u00a0WHO guidance. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021. 150 p."},{"key":"10741_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tabassi E. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0).\u00a0National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2023.\u00a0NIST AI 100-1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/NIST.AI.100-1.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.AI.100-1"},{"key":"10741_CR14","unstructured":"Coalition for Health AI. Use Case Work Groups \u2013 Clinical Decision Support. Coalition for Health AI. https:\/\/www.chai.org\/workgroup\/use-case\/clinical-decision-support. Accessed 2 Feb 2026."},{"key":"10741_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amann J, Blasimme A, Vayena E, et al. Explainability for AI in healthcare. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2020;20:310.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01332-6"},{"key":"10741_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"CLER Evaluation Committee. CLER pathways to excellence: expectations for an optimal clinical learning\u00a0environment to achieve safe and high-quality patient care, version 3.0. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical\u00a0Education. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35425\/ACGME.0010.","DOI":"10.35425\/ACGME.0010"},{"key":"10741_CR17","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.\u00a0ACGME common program requirements (Residency).\u00a0Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. 2026."}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T13:08:17Z","timestamp":1788181697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":17,"alternative-id":["10741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10741-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}