{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:04:06Z","timestamp":1789661046199,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH122301-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH122301-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:16:30Z","timestamp":1789658190000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medication Adherence and Health Care Use After Medicaid Prescription Cap Removal Among People with HIV: a Difference-in-Differences Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7399-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangli","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Santostefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patience M.","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa I.","family":"Shireman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Galarraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10794_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soumerai SB, Avorn J, Ross-Degnan D, Gortmaker S. Payment restrictions for prescription drugs under Medicaid. Effects on therapy, cost, and equity. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(9):550\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198708273170906.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198708273170906"},{"key":"10794_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lieberman DA, Polinski JM, Choudhry NK, Avorn J, Fischer MA. Medicaid prescription limits: policy trends and comparative impact on utilization. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:15. Published 2016 Jan 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-016-1258-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1258-0"},{"key":"10794_CR3","unstructured":"Gifford K, Winter A, Wiant L, Dolan R, Tian M, Garfield R. How State Medicaid Programs are managing prescription drug costs: Results from a State Medicaid Pharmacy Survey for State Fiscal Years 2019 and 2020. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2020. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/how-state-medicaid-programs-are-managing-prescription-drug-costs-results-from-a-state-medicaid-pharmacy-survey-for-state-fiscal-years-2019-and-2020\/.\u00a0Accessed 20 Dec 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Besaw RJ, Fry CE. State drug caps associated with fewer Medicaid-covered prescriptions for opioid use disorder, 2017\u20132022. Health Aff Sch. 2024;2(12):qxae165. Published 2024 Dec 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxae165.","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxae165"},{"key":"10794_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hughto JMW, Vento S, Pletta DR, et al. Medicaid prescription cap policies and exemptions for medications for opioid use disorder: A process and content analysis. Health Aff Sch. 2025;3(11):qxaf203. Published 2025 Oct 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/haschl\/qxaf203.","DOI":"10.1093\/haschl\/qxaf203"},{"key":"10794_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stopka TJ, Whitney BM, de Gijsel D, et al. Medicaid policy and hepatitis C treatment among rural people who use drugs. Med Care. 2025;63(2):77-88. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002095.","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002095"},{"key":"10794_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geiger CK, Cohen JL, Sommers BD. Association between medicaid prescription drug limits and access to medications and health care use among young adults with disabilities. JAMA Health Forum. 2021;2(6):e211048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.1048.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2021.1048"},{"key":"10794_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santostefano CM, Gal\u00e1rraga O, Rahman M, et al. Association between medicaid prescription drug caps and antiretroviral adherence among people living with HIV. Health Aff (Millwood). 2025;44(12):1537-1545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2025.00130.","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2025.00130"},{"key":"10794_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soumerai SB, McLaughlin TJ, Ross-Degnan D, Casteris CS, Bollini P. Effects of a limiting Medicaid drug-reimbursement benefits on the use of psychotropic agents and acute mental health services by patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(10):650-655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199409083311006.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409083311006"},{"key":"10794_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adams AS, Soumerai SB, Zhang F, et al. Effects of eliminating drug caps on racial differences in antidepressant use among dual enrollees with diabetes and depression. Clin Ther. 2015;37(3):597-609.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.12.011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2014.12.011"},{"key":"10794_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet. 2019;393(10189):2428-2438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30418-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30418-0"},{"key":"10794_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marin S, Qui\u00f1ones C, Codina-Jim\u00e9nez C, et al. The management of polypharmacy in people living with HIV. AIDS Rev. 2023;25(1):27-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24875\/AIDSRev.M23000059.","DOI":"10.24875\/AIDSRev.M23000059"},{"key":"10794_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Achterbosch M, Aksoy N, Obeng GD, et al. Clinical and economic consequences of medication nonadherence: a review of systematic reviews. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1570359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1570359.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1570359"},{"key":"10794_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gardner EM, Maravi ME, Rietmeijer C, et al. The association of adherence to antiretroviral therapy with healthcare utilization and costs for medical care. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2008;6(2-3):145-155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03256129.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03256129"},{"key":"10794_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kangethe A, Polson M, Lord TC, et al. Real-world health plan data analysis: key trends in medication adherence and overall costs in patients with HIV. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25(1):88-93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2019.25.1.088.","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2019.25.1.088"},{"key":"10794_CR16","unstructured":"Dawson L, Kates J, Roberts T, Chidambaram P. Medicaid and people with HIV. KFF. Published March 27, 2023. \u00a0https:\/\/www.kff.org\/hiv-aids\/medicaid-and-people-with-hiv\/.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR17","unstructured":"Keisler-Starkey K, Bunch LN, Lindstrom RA. Health insurance coverage in the United States: 2022. Current Population Reports P60\u2013281. US Census Bureau; 2023. Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2022. HIV Surveill Rep. 2024;35. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/156509.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR19","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018\u20132022. HIV Surveill Supplemental Rep. 2024;29(1). \u00a0https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/156513.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR20","unstructured":"U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Transformed medicaid statistical information system (T-MSIS) analytic files (TAF). Medicaid.gov.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/data-systems\/macbis\/medicaid-chip-research-files\/transformed-medicaid-statistical-information-system-t-msis-analytic-files-taf.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR21","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Rural-urban continuum codes: documentation. Updated January 7, 2025. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-continuum-codes\/documentation\/.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR22","unstructured":"Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse. Codebook: master beneficiary summary file (MBSF) 27 CCW chronic conditions file, version 1.2. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. 2022. https:\/\/resdac.org\/sites\/datadocumentation.resdac.org\/files\/2025-03\/codebook-mbsf-cc.pdf.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR23","unstructured":"Robert Graham Center. Social Deprivation Index (SDI). Published November 5, 2018.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.graham-center.org\/maps-data-tools\/social-deprivation-index.html.\u00a0Accessed Oct 17, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR24","unstructured":"State Safety-Net Generosity Index. State Safety-Net Generosity Index.\u00a0 https:\/\/safetynetgenerosity.com\/.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR25","unstructured":"KFF. State Medicaid management of prescription drugs for HIV treatment and prevention. Published June 4, 2020.\u00a0https:\/\/www.kff.org\/hiv-aids\/state-medicaid-management-of-prescription-drugs-for-hiv-treatment-and-prevention\/.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR26","unstructured":"KFF. Status of state Medicaid expansion decisions. Published February 13, 2026.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicaid\/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions\/.\u00a0Accessed Dec 20, 2025."},{"key":"10794_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saberi P, Chakravarty D, Ming K, et al. Moving antiretroviral adherence assessments to the modern era: correlations among three novel measures of adherence. AIDS Behav. 2020;24(1):284-290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-019-02744-w.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02744-w"},{"key":"10794_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McComsey GA, Lingohr-Smith M, Rogers R, Lin J, Donga P. Real-world adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 patients across the United States. Adv Ther. 2021;38(9):4961-4974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-021-01883-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01883-8"},{"key":"10794_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Komandt M, Canfield S, Lengel M, Gilmore V, Kilcrease C. Correlation between medication adherence using proportion of days covered and achieving viral suppression in patients living with HIV. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2023;29(10):1129-1137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2023.29.10.1129.","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2023.29.10.1129"},{"key":"10794_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McComsey GA, Lingohr-Smith M, Rogers R, Lin J, Donga P. Real-world adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 patients across the United States. Adv Ther. 2021;38(9):4961-4974.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01883-8"},{"key":"10794_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalichman SC, Grebler T, Amaral CM, et al. Viral suppression and antiretroviral medication adherence among alcohol using HIV-positive adults. Int J Behav Med. 2014;21(5):811-820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-013-9353-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-013-9353-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1789658197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10794"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10794-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}