{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:57:09Z","timestamp":1790791029997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013227","name":"Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["111-HAH pilot trial"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-HAH pilot trial"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2410-H-037-005-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2410-H-037-005-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:17:21Z","timestamp":1790788641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hospital-Level Acute Care at Home via Direct Home Admission in Taiwan: A Non-randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Before National Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yi-Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Yu","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei-Ching","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Zhe","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsien-Cheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Hsien","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ju","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Hua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Ya","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching-Ching Claire","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7636-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ping-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10828_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng J, Montalto M, Leff B. Hospital at home. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:79\u201391. vi.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cger.2008.10.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2008.10.002"},{"key":"10828_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leff B, Burton JR. Acute medical care in the home. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996;44:603-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01452.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01452.x"},{"key":"10828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anthony M. Hospital-at-Home. Home Healthc Now. 2021;39:127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/nhh.0000000000000984.","DOI":"10.1097\/nhh.0000000000000984"},{"key":"10828_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hill JD, Hampton JR, Mitchell JR. A randomised trial of home-versus-hospital management for patients with suspected myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1978;1:837-41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(78)90190-3.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(78)90190-3"},{"key":"10828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leff B, Burton L, Bynum JW, Harper M, Greenough WB, Steinwachs D, et al. Prospective evaluation of clinical criteria to select older persons with acute medical illness for care in a hypothetical home hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:1066-73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb05968.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb05968.x"},{"key":"10828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leff B, Burton L, Guido S, Greenough WB, Steinwachs D, Burton JR. Home hospital program: a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:697-702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01592.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01592.x"},{"key":"10828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burton LC, Leff B, Harper M, Ghoshtagore I, Steinwachs DA, Greenough WB, 3rd, et al. Acceptability to patients of a home hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:605-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01077.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01077.x"},{"key":"10828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaillard G, Russinoff I. Hospital at home: A change in the course of care. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2023;35:179-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jxx.0000000000000814.","DOI":"10.1097\/jxx.0000000000000814"},{"key":"10828_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.CMS announces acute Hospital Care at Home program. 2020, November 25:Retrieved 30 November 2024, from https:\/\/www.aha.org\/news\/headline\/0-11-25-cms-announces-acute-hospital-carehome-program."},{"key":"10828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ko SQ, Cheng G, Teng TY, Goh J. Home-First or Hospital-First? A Propensity Score-Weighted Retrospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024;25:105154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105154.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2024.105154"},{"key":"10828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai YF, Ko SQ. Time to shift the research agenda for Hospital at Home from effectiveness to implementation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;3:Ed000165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.Ed000165.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.Ed000165"},{"key":"10828_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Edgar K, Iliffe S, Doll HA, Clarke MJ, Gon\u00e7alves-Bradley DC, Wong E, et al. Admission avoidance hospital at home. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;3:Cd007491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007491.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007491.pub3"},{"key":"10828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wallis JA, Shepperd S, Makela P, Han JX, Tripp EM, Gearon E, et al. Factors influencing the implementation of early discharge hospital at home and admission avoidance hospital at home: a qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;3:Cd014765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD014765.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD014765.pub2"},{"key":"10828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine DM, Souza J, Schnipper JL, Tsai TC, Leff B, Landon BE. Acute Hospital Care at Home in the United States: The Early National Experience. Ann Intern Med. 2024;177:109-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m23-2264.","DOI":"10.7326\/m23-2264"},{"key":"10828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai YF, Lim YW, Kuan WS, Goh J, Soong JTY, Shorey S, et al. Asian Attitudes and Perceptions Toward Hospital-At-Home: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health. 2021;9:704465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2021.704465.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.704465"},{"key":"10828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lim SM. Treating patients at home: A novel solution for old problems. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2022;51:388-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2022206.","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2022206"},{"key":"10828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tai CJ, Chen HF, Lee CY, Hsieh HM. Medical home healthcare services in Taiwan, 2013-2020. J Formos Med Assoc. 2024;123:1018-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2024.06.002"},{"key":"10828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao JY, Chen PJ, Wu YL, Cheng CH, Yu SJ, Huang CH, et al. HOme-based Longitudinal Investigation of the multidiSciplinary Team Integrated Care (HOLISTIC): protocol of a prospective nationwide cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20:511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-020-01920-1.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01920-1"},{"key":"10828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang YC, Tsai KT, Ho CH, Tseng WZ, Petersen I, Lai YC, et al. Characteristics and hospitalization of people living with dementia after home healthcare: A nationwide cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e40981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000040981.","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000040981"},{"key":"10828_CR20","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare DoS. National Health Insurance Medical Statistics, 2024: Inpatient claims by disease, sex, and age. Accessed August 10, 2026."},{"key":"10828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine DM, Ouchi K, Blanchfield B, Saenz A, Burke K, Paz M, et al. Hospital-Level Care at Home for Acutely Ill Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172:77-85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m19-0600.","DOI":"10.7326\/m19-0600"},{"key":"10828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Federman AD, Soones T, DeCherrie LV, Leff B, Siu AL. Association of a Bundled Hospital-at-Home and 30-Day Postacute Transitional Care Program With Clinical Outcomes and Patient Experiences. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:1033-40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2562.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2562"},{"key":"10828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, Boersma WG, Karalus N, Town GI, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58:377-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377.","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.5.377"},{"key":"10828_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bauer TT, Ewig S, Marre R, Suttorp N, Welte T. CRB-65 predicts death from community-acquired pneumonia. J Intern Med. 2006;260:93-101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01657.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01657.x"},{"key":"10828_CR25","unstructured":"Tseng WZ, Ku LJ, Liao JY, Yu SJ, Chiu HY, Chen PJ. Factors associated with caregiver burden among home healthcare patients in Taiwan.\u00a0Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Taiwan Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; 2024 Jun 16; Taipei, Taiwan."},{"key":"10828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine DM, Pian J, Mahendrakumar K, Patel A, Saenz A, Schnipper JL. Hospital-Level Care at Home for Acutely Ill Adults: a Qualitative Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36:1965-73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-020-06416-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06416-7"},{"key":"10828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caplan GA, Sulaiman NS, Mangin DA, Aimonino Ricauda N, Wilson AD, Barclay L. A meta-analysis of \"hospital in the home\". Med J Aust. 2012;197:512-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja12.10480.","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10480"},{"key":"10828_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arai Y, Suzuki T, Jeong S, Inoue Y, Fukuchi M, Kosaka Y, et al. Effectiveness of home care for fever treatment in older people: A case-control study compared with hospitalized care. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020;20:482-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.13909.","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13909"},{"key":"10828_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leff B, Burton L, Mader SL, Naughton B, Burl J, Greenough WB, 3rd, et al. Comparison of functional outcomes associated with hospital at home care and traditional acute hospital care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:273-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02103.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02103.x"},{"key":"10828_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nikmanesh P, Arabloo J, Gorji HA. Dimensions and components of hospital-at-home care: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24:1458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-024-11970-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11970-5"},{"key":"10828_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arsenault-Lapierre G, Henein M, Gaid D, Le Berre M, Gore G, Vedel I. Hospital-at-Home Interventions vs In-Hospital Stay for Patients With Chronic Disease Who Present to the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2111568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11568.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.11568"},{"key":"10828_CR32","unstructured":"Chapter 6: Medicare\u2019s Acute Hospital Care at Home program Report to the Congress : Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System. June 2024:213."},{"key":"10828_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine DM, Paz M, Burke K, Beaumont R, Boxer RB, Morris CA, et al. Remote vs In-home Physician Visits for Hospital-Level Care at Home: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2229067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.29067.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.29067"},{"key":"10828_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine DM, Paz M, Burke K, Schnipper JL. Predictors and Reasons Why Patients Decline to Participate in Home Hospital: a Mixed Methods Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37:327-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-06833-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-06833-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:17:23Z","timestamp":1790788643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["10828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10828-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study adhered to the CONSORT extension for non-randomized trials and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Chung Cheng University (CCUREC111031401). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"\u00a0Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}