{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1791931479141,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:45:28Z","timestamp":1791927928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Digital Outreach to Identify Individuals Eligible for Lung Cancer Screening: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-5682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richa","family":"Bundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Snavely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Reuland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e M.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Bellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliza","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Stradtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison T.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Dharod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70043","volume":"76","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2026","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Kratzer TB, Wagle NS, Sung H, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2026. CA Cancer J Clin. 2026;76(1):e70043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.70043","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin."},{"key":"10895_CR2","unstructured":"Common Cancer Sites - Cancer Stat Facts. SEER. Accessed 1 Apr 2025. https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/common.html"},{"issue":"8","key":"10895_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.1655","volume":"184","author":"P Bandi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bandi P, Star J, Ashad-Bishop K, Kratzer T, Smith R, Jemal A. Lung Cancer Screening in the US, 2022. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(8):882-891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.1655.","journal-title":"JAMA Internal Medicine."},{"key":"10895_CR4","unstructured":"CMS Screening for Lung Cancer with Low Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare-coverage-database\/view\/ncacal-decision-memo.aspx?proposed=N&ncaid=304."},{"issue":"2","key":"10895_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.01.001","volume":"45","author":"MA Lopez-Olivo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopez-Olivo MA, Suarez-Almazor ME. Digital Patient Education and Decision Aids. Rheumatic Dis Clin. 2019;45(2):245-256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics."},{"key":"10895_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2016.01.009","volume":"96","author":"L Neubeck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neubeck L, Coorey G, Peiris D, et al. Development of an integrated e-health tool for people with, or at high risk of, cardiovascular disease: The Consumer Navigation of Electronic Cardiovascular Tools (CONNECT) web application. Intern J Med Inform. 2016;96:24-37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2016.01.009.","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Informatics."},{"key":"10895_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740481","volume":"13","author":"N Puccinelli-Ortega","year":"2022","unstructured":"Puccinelli-Ortega N, Cromo M, Foley KL, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing a Digital Informed Decision Making Tool in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study. Appl Clin Inform. 2022;13:1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1740481.","journal-title":"Applied Clinical Informatics."},{"issue":"3","key":"10895_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2063","volume":"15","author":"AH Krist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krist AH, Woolf SH, Hochheimer C, et al. Harnessing Information Technology to Inform Patients Facing Routine Decisions: Cancer Screening as a Test Case.\u00a0Ann Fam Med. 2017;15(3):217-224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.2063.","journal-title":"The Annals of Family Medicine."},{"issue":"8","key":"10895_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1199","volume":"29","author":"NM Denizard-Thompson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Denizard-Thompson NM, Miller DP, Snavely AC, Spangler JG, Case LD, Weaver KE. Effect of a Digital Health Intervention on Decreasing Barriers and Increasing Facilitators for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vulnerable Patients. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2020;29(8):1564-1569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1199.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention."},{"issue":"8","key":"10895_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/36316","volume":"24","author":"D Schliemann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schliemann D, Tan MM, Hoe WMK, et al. mHealth Interventions to Improve Cancer Screening and Early Detection: Scoping Review of Reviews. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(8):e36316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/36316.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research."},{"issue":"9","key":"10895_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-021-01274-4","volume":"23","author":"SA Saeed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saeed SA, Masters RM. Disparities in Health Care and the Digital Divide. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2021;23(9):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-021-01274-4.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10895_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miller DP, Snavely A, Dharod A, et al. A direct-to-patient digital health program for lung cancer screening. JAMA. Published online October 20, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2025.1728.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.1728"},{"issue":"2","key":"10895_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000471","volume":"54","author":"A Bannay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bannay A, Chaignot C, Bloti\u00e8re PO, et al. The Best Use of the Charlson Comorbidity Index With Electronic Health Care Database to Predict Mortality. Med Care. 2016;54(2):188-194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000471.","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"01","key":"10895_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"019","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676807","volume":"10","author":"A Dharod","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dharod A, Bellinger C, Foley K, Case LD, Miller D. The Reach and Feasibility of an Interactive Lung Cancer Screening Decision Aid Delivered by Patient Portal. Appl Clin Inform. 2019;10(01):019-027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1676807.","journal-title":"Appl Clin Inform."},{"key":"10895_CR15","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture ERS. Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. http:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-continuum-codes.aspx#.U7K2RPldXRN."},{"key":"10895_CR16","unstructured":"Center for Health Disparities Research U of W. 2015 Area Deprivation Index v4.0. https:\/\/www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu\/."},{"issue":"26","key":"10895_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","volume":"378","author":"AJH Kind","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kind AJH, Buckingham WR. Making Neighborhood-Disadvantage Metrics Accessible \u2014 The Neighborhood Atlas. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(26):2456-2458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMp1802313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10895_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buuren S van, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45:1-67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v045.i03.","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software."},{"key":"10895_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/44658","volume":"10","author":"J Groot","year":"2023","unstructured":"Groot J, MacLellan A, Butler M, et al. The Effectiveness of Fully Automated Digital Interventions in Promoting Mental Well-Being in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Ment Health. 2023;10:e44658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/44658.","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"10895_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/18848","volume":"7","author":"J Torous","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torous J, Myrick KJ, Rauseo-Ricupero N, Firth J. Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow. JMIR Mental Health. 2020;7(3):e18848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/18848.","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"10895_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.01.001","volume":"45","author":"MA Lopez-Olivo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopez-Olivo MA, Suarez-Almazor ME. Digital Patient Education and Decision Aids. Rheum Dis Clin. 2019;45(2):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rdc.2019.01.001.","journal-title":"Rheumatic Disease Clinics."},{"issue":"7","key":"10895_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306282","volume":"111","author":"CL Ratcliff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratcliff CL, Krakow M, Greenberg-Worisek A, Hesse BW. Digital Health Engagement in the US Population: Insights From the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(7):1348-1351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2021.306282.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"10895_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040645","volume":"16","author":"F Reiners","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reiners F, Sturm J, Bouw LJW, Wouters EJM. Sociodemographic Factors Influencing the Use of eHealth in People with Chronic Diseases. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(4):645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16040645.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"10895_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/ebnurs-2020-103355","volume":"25","author":"K Karri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karri K, Yarra P. Inequities still exist in the use of digital health technology across different sociodemographic subgroups. Evidence-Based Nursing. 2022;25(1):23-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ebnurs-2020-103355.","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Nursing."},{"key":"10895_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen AM. Crossing the digital chasm: a narrative review on how technology can improve healthcare access. J Hosp Manag Health Policy. 2024;8(0):0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jhmhp-24-69.","DOI":"10.21037\/jhmhp-24-69"},{"key":"10895_CR26","unstructured":"Mobile Fact Sheet. Pew Research Center. November 13, 2024. Accessed 12 Sept 2025. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/internet\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10895_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8932","volume":"20","author":"DL Jessup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jessup DL, Glover Iv M, Daye D, et al. Implementation of Digital Awareness Strategies to Engage Patients and Providers in a Lung Cancer Screening Program: Retrospective Study. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20(2):e52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.8932.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"10895_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nuha A., ElSayed Grazia, Aleppo Raveendhara R., Bannuru Dennis, Bruemmer Billy S., Collins Laya, Ekhlaspour Marisa E., Hilliard Eric L., Johnson Kamlesh, Khunti Ildiko, Lingvay Glenn, Matfin Rozalina G., McCoy Mary Lou, Perry Scott J., Pilla Sarit, Polsky Priya, Prahalad Richard E., Pratley Alissa R., Segal Jane Jeffrie, Seley Robert C., Stanton Robert A., Gabbay (2024) (2023)  7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024 Diabetes Care 47(Supplement_1):S126-S144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-S007","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S007"},{"key":"10895_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Alicia, Hong Shaohai, Jiang Piper Liping, Liu (2020) Use of Patient Portals of Electronic Health Records Remains Low From 2014 to 2018: Results From a National Survey and Policy Implications American Journal of Health Promotion 34(6):677-680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890117119900591","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117119900591"},{"key":"10895_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Erin, Falconer David, Kho John P, Docherty (2018) Use of technology for care coordination initiatives for patients with mental health issues: a systematic literature review Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Volume 14:2337-2349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT10.2147\/NDT.S172810","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT10.2147\/NDT.S172810"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:45:30Z","timestamp":1791927930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10895-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Due to the minimal risk and pragmatic design of this trial, we received a waiver of signed informed consent from the Wake Forest Health Sciences Institutional Review Board. The trial protocol has been previously registered (NCT, NCT04083859, registered September 10, 2019) and included in a prior publication.\n                      12","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Richa Bundy: NoneAnna Snavely: NoneElena Wright: NoneAliza Randazzo: NoneLindsay Stradtman: NoneChristina Bellinger: noneRen\u00e9e Ferrari: noneAlison T. Brenner: noneDaniel S. Reuland: NoneDavid Miller: Dr. David Miller and Dr. Ajay Dharod are the co-inventors of mPATH\u00ae. Dr. David Miller, Dr. Ajay Dharod, and Wake Forest University Health Sciences have equity in Digital Health Navigation (DHN) Solutions, which has licensed mPATH.Ajay Dharod: Dr. Ajay Dharod serves as an EHR Consultant for the AAMC CORE program. Dr. David Miller and Dr. Ajay Dharod are the co-inventors of mPATH\u00ae. Dr. David Miller, Dr. Ajay Dharod, and Wake Forest University Health Sciences have equity in Digital Health Navigation (DHN) Solutions, which has licensed mPATH.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}