{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:40:40Z","timestamp":1792197640785,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J GEN INTERN MED"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use assessment during clinical encounters is often suboptimal and has focused predominantly on cigarette smoking, to the exclusion of non-cigarette tobacco use. Current estimates of assessing non-cigarette tobacco use are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate differences in being asked about tobacco use and advice to quit by healthcare providers among exclusive cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco product users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Epidemiological study utilizing adult data from the 2021\u20132023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009139,524). Among exclusive cigarette, cigar, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarette, and multiple tobacco product (MTP) users, we evaluated the prevalence of being asked about tobacco use being advised to quit by healthcare providers. We examined correlates of both outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Being asked about tobacco use and receiving advice to quit by a healthcare provider during the past year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fewer people who used cigars (74.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040), smokeless tobacco (72.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), and e-cigarettes (73.2%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were asked about tobacco use, versus cigarette smokers (78.9%). Among those asked about tobacco use, 77.1% of cigarette smokers were advised to quit, versus people who used cigars (25.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), smokeless tobacco (46.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), e-cigarettes (0.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and MTPs (65.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Correlates of being Asked and Advised varied based by tobacco product. Overall, more (e.g.,\u2009\u2265\u20096) healthcare appointments (Ask: aOR\u2009=\u20091.51, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.22\u20131.87; Advise: aOR\u2009=\u20091.50, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.14\u20131.97), having a lifetime chronic health condition (Ask: aOR\u2009=\u20091.71, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.47\u20132.00), and older age (e.g.,\u2009\u2265\u200950; Advise: aOR\u2009=\u20093.80, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.96\u20134.89) were associated with being asked about and advised to quit tobacco use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-cigarette product users were less likely than people who smoked cigarettes to be asked about or advised to quit tobacco use. Findings can inform clinical policies to help patients quit non-cigarette tobacco products and highlight the need for educational efforts and intervention development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:56:21Z","timestamp":1792194981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Healthcare Providers are Less Likely to Ask About and Advise Cessation for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products: NSDUH 2021\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1412-1765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Pacek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Jeong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Mercincavage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica J.","family":"Gilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Jordan-Casarona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolette E.","family":"Garthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristine D.","family":"Delnevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10925_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patwardhan PD, Chewning BA. Tobacco users\u2019 perceptions of a brief tobacco cessation intervention in community pharmacies. J Am Pharm Assoc JAPhA. 2010;50(5):568-574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1331\/JAPhA.2010.09207","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2010.09207"},{"key":"10925_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vidrine JI, Shete S, Cao Y, et al. Ask-Advise-Connect: a new approach to smoking treatment delivery in health care settings. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(6):458-464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.3751","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.3751"},{"key":"10925_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1eiro B, Vidrine DJ, Wetter DW, et al. Implementation of ask-advise-connect in a safety net healthcare system: quitline treatment engagement and smoking cessation outcomes. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(1):163-167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/iby108","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/iby108"},{"key":"10925_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCarthy DE, Adsit RT, Zehner ME, et al. Closed-loop electronic referral to SmokefreeTXT for smoking cessation support: a demonstration project in outpatient care. Transl Behav Med. 2020;10(6):1472-1480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibz072","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibz072"},{"key":"10925_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mays D, Macisco JM, Hawkins KB, et al. A multilevel intervention in pediatric primary care for youth tobacco control: Outcomes of implementing an ask, advise, and connect model. Transl Behav Med. 2024;14(4):241-248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibae002","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibae002"},{"key":"10925_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kruger J, Shaw L, Kahende J, Frank E. Health care providers\u2019 advice to quit smoking, national health interview survey, 2000, 2005, and 2010. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd9.110340","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd9.110340"},{"key":"10925_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu B, Zhan S, Wilson KM, Mazumdar M, Li L. The influence of increasing levels of provider-patient discussion on quit behavior: an instrumental variable analysis of a national survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(9):4593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18094593","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094593"},{"key":"10925_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schauer GL, Wheaton AG, Malarcher AM, Croft JB. Health-care provider screening and advice for smoking cessation among smokers with and without COPD: 2009-2010 national adult tobacco survey. Chest. 2016;149(3):676-684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-2965","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-2965"},{"key":"10925_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keith DR, Stanton CA, Gaalema DE, et al. Disparities in US healthcare provider screening and advice for cessation across chronic medical conditions and tobacco products. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(9):974-980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-017-4062-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4062-6"},{"key":"10925_CR10","unstructured":"Berg KM, Smith SS, Piper ME, Fiore MC, Jorenby DE. Identifying differences in rates of invitation to participate in tobacco treatment in primary care. WMJ Off Publ State Med Soc Wis. 2018;117(3):111-115."},{"key":"10925_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fortmann SP, Bailey SR, Brooks NB, et al. Trends in smoking documentation rates in safety net clinics. Health Serv Res. 2020;55(2):170-177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.13259","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13259"},{"key":"10925_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jafry MZ, Reuven SM, Britton M, et al. Providers\u2019 non-cigarette tobacco use intervention practices in relation to beliefs about patients, prioritization of and skills for intervention, and referral knowledge in Texas healthcare centers providing care to persons with behavioral health needs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21):14269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192114269","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114269"},{"key":"10925_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vijayaraghavan M, Yuan P, Gregorich S, et al. Disparities in receipt of 5As for smoking cessation in diverse primary care and HIV clinics. Prev Med Rep. 2017;6:80-87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.02.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2017.02.012"},{"key":"10925_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danesh D, Paskett ED, Ferketich AK. Disparities in receipt of advice to quit smoking from health care providers: 2010 national health interview survey. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:E131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd11.140053","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.140053"},{"key":"10925_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Azagba S, Shan L. Disparities in the receipt of medical doctors\u2019 advice to quit smoking in the U.S., 1992\u20132019. Addict Behav. 2022;125:107145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107145"},{"key":"10925_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Holla N, Brantley E, Ku L. Physicians\u2019 recommendations to medicaid patients about tobacco cessation. Am J Prev Med. 2018;55(6):762-769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.07.013"},{"key":"10925_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kaplan RM, Fang Z, Morgan G. Providers\u2019 advice concerning smoking cessation: evidence from the medical expenditures panel survey. Prev Med. 2016;91:32-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.07.012"},{"key":"10925_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soulakova JN, Su LC, Crockett LJ. Smokers\u2019 reports on receiving a doctor\u2019s advice to quit smoking; receiving the advice is more prevalent among smokers with Crohn\u2019s Disease relative to smokers with Ulcerative Colitis. Prev Med Rep. 2020;18:101091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2020.101091"},{"key":"10925_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mai Y, Soulakova JN. Retrospective reports of former smokers: receiving doctor\u2019s advice to quit smoking and using behavioral interventions for smoking cessation in the United States. Prev Med Rep. 2018;11:290-296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.07.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.07.012"},{"key":"10925_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tomar SL, Husten CG, Manley MW. Do dentists and physicians advise tobacco users to quit? J Am Dent Assoc 1939. 1996;127(2):259\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0179","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1996.0179"},{"key":"10925_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Landrine H, Corral I, Campbell KM. Racial disparities in healthcare provider advice to quit smoking. Prev Med Rep. 2018;10:172-175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.03.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.03.003"},{"key":"10925_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim N, Kaye JT, McCarthy DE. Disparities in receipt of tobacco cessation advice among U.S. adult healthcare patients who use tobacco. AJPM Focus. 2025;100431.\u00a0Published online August 30.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2025.100431"},{"key":"10925_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chandra M, Talluri R, Fokom Domgue J, Shete S. Prevalence and disparities in receiving medical advice to quit tobacco use in the US adult population. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1383060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1383060","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1383060"},{"key":"10925_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ajith A, Broun A, Duarte DA, et al. Cigar-smoking-cessation interest and experience among black young adults: a semi-structured in-depth interview investigation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18147309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147309"},{"key":"10925_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agaku I. Tobacco product use among U.S. Adults, 2023\u20132024. NEJM Evid. 2026;5(4):EVIDpha2500339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/EVIDpha2500339","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDpha2500339"},{"key":"10925_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palmer AM, Rojewski AM, Carpenter MJ, et al. Interest in quitting e-cigarette use by device type and smoking history in US adults. Tob Control. 2024;33(4):537-540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057710","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057710"},{"key":"10925_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosen RL, Steinberg ML. Interest in quitting e-cigarettes among adults in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res Off J Soc Res Nicotine Tob. 2020;22(5):857-858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntz062","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz062"},{"key":"10925_CR28","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use File Codebook. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/system\/files\/media-puf-file\/NSDUH-2023-DS0001-info-codebook_v1.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR29","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use File Codebook. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2023. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/system\/files\/media-puf-file\/NSDUH-2022-DS0001-info-codebook.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR30","unstructured":"Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use File Codebook. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2022. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/system\/files\/media-puf-file\/NSDUH-2021-DS0001-info-codebook.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10925_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(2):184-189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.2.184"},{"key":"10925_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Green JG, Gruber MJ, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population with the K6 screening scale: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.310","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.310"},{"key":"10925_CR34","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata\/MP statistical software, version 18.5. Published online 2023. https:\/\/www.stata.com\/statamp\/"},{"key":"10925_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fiore MC, Ja\u00e9n CR. A clinical blueprint to accelerate the elimination of tobacco use. JAMA. 2008;299(17):2083-2085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.17.2083","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2083"},{"key":"10925_CR36","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Eliminating Tobacco-Related Disease and Death: Addressing Disparities - A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease, Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Smoking and Health; 2024. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK614484\/pdf\/Bookshelf_NBK614484.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"United States Surgeon General. The Health Consequences of Smoking -- 50 Years of progress: A Report of the Surgeon General: (510072014-001). Published online 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e510072014-001","DOI":"10.1037\/e510072014-001"},{"key":"10925_CR38","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2022: 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Highlights. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/media\/pdfs\/2024\/09\/cdc-osh-ncis-data-report-508.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christensen CH, Rostron B, Cosgrove C, et al. Association of cigarette, cigar, and pipe use with mortality risk in the US population. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(4):469-476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.8625","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.8625"},{"key":"10925_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tasdighi E, Yao Z, Jha KK, et al. Cigar, pipe, and smokeless tobacco use and cardiovascular outcomes from cross cohort collaboration. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1):e2453987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53987","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.53987"},{"key":"10925_CR41","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. Cigars: Health Effects and Trends. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. https:\/\/cancercontrol.cancer.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2020-08\/m09_complete.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, Gupta P, Straif K. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(7):667-675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70173-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70173-6"},{"key":"10925_CR43","unstructured":"Panel TU and DG. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2008. https:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/wysiwyg\/professionals\/clinicians-providers\/guidelines-recommendations\/tobacco\/clinicians\/update\/treating_tobacco_use08.pdf"},{"key":"10925_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanchustambham V, Saladi S, Rodrigues J, Fernandes H, Patolia S, Santosh S. The knowledge, concerns and healthcare practices among physicians regarding electronic cigarettes. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect. 2017;7(3):144-150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20009666.2017.1343076","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2017.1343076"},{"key":"10925_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jongenelis MI, Saraswat N, Yap T, Li R. Oral health practitioners\u2019 knowledge, perceptions, and practices relating to e-cigarettes. J Dent. 2025;155:105640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105640"},{"key":"10925_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mughal F, Rashid A, Jawad M. Tobacco and electronic cigarette products: awareness, cessation attitudes, and behaviours among general practitioners. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2018;19(6):605-609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423618000166","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423618000166"},{"key":"10925_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delnevo CD, Jeong M, Teotia A, et al. Communication between US physicians and patients regarding electronic cigarette use. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(4):e226692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6692","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6692"},{"key":"10925_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rahman N, Sebar B, Sofija E. \u201cIt\u2019s the Wild West Out There\u201d: a qualitative study of the views and preparedness of health professionals in helping young adult E-cigarette users to quit. Nicotine Tob Res. 2024;26(11):1538-1544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntae117","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae117"},{"key":"10925_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Metcalf M, Rossie K, Stokes K, Tanner B. Health care professionals\u2019 clinical skills to address vaping and e-cigarette use by patients: needs and interest questionnaire study. JMIR Form Res. 2022;6(4):e32242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/32242","DOI":"10.2196\/32242"},{"key":"10925_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang J, Lee C, Mastrolonardo E, Frasso R. Where there\u2019s smoke, there\u2019s fire: what current and future providers do and do not know about electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09265-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09265-5"},{"key":"10925_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meijer E, Kampman M, Geisler MS, Chavannes NH. \u201cIt\u2019s on everyone\u2019s plate\u201d: a qualitative study into physicians\u2019 perceptions of responsibility for smoking cessation. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2018;13(1):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13011-018-0186-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-018-0186-x"},{"key":"10925_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Campopiano von Klimo M, Nolan L, Corbin M, et al. Physician reluctance to intervene in addiction: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):e2420837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20837","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20837"},{"key":"10925_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Westmaas JL, Kates I, Makaroff L, Henson R. Barriers to helping patients quit smoking: Lack of knowledge about cessation methods, E-cigarettes, and why nurse practitioners and physician assistants can help. Public Health Pract. 2023;6:100409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2023.100409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2023.100409"},{"key":"10925_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"VanFrank B. Adult smoking cessation \u2014 United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7329a1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7329a1"},{"key":"10925_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palmer AM, Rojewski AM, Carpenter MJ, et al. Interest in quitting e-cigarette use by device type and smoking history in US adults. Tob Control. 2024;33(4):537-540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tc-2022-057710","DOI":"10.1136\/tc-2022-057710"},{"key":"10925_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palmer AM, Smith TT, Nahhas GJ, et al. Interest in quitting e-cigarettes among adult e-cigarette users with and without cigarette smoking history. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e214146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.4146","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.4146"},{"key":"10925_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Williams JM, Miskimen T, Minsky S, et al. Increasing tobacco dependence treatment through continuing education training for behavioral health professionals. Psychiatr Serv. Published online January 1, 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201300523","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300523"},{"key":"10925_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kastaun S, Viechtbauer W, Leve V, et al. Quit attempts and tobacco abstinence in primary care patients: follow-up of a pragmatic, two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial on brief stop-smoking advice - ABC versus 5As. ERJ Open Res. 2021;7(3):00224-02021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00224-2021","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00224-2021"},{"key":"10925_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bostan P, Salepci B, Uysal MA. The effect of postgraduate training in smoking cessation care on the clinical practice of pulmonologists. Tob Induc Dis. 2023;21:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tid\/159795","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/159795"},{"key":"10925_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang L, Long Huang X, Ye Luo T, Jiang L, Xue Jiang M, Yan Chen H. Impact of tobacco cessation education on behaviors of nursing undergraduates in helping smokers to quit smoking. Tob Induc Dis. 2021;19:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tid\/139024","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/139024"},{"key":"10925_CR61","unstructured":"Products C for T. The Relative Risks of Tobacco Products. FDA. Published online July 17, 2025.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/tobacco-products\/health-effects-tobacco-use\/relative-risks-tobacco-products.\u00a0Accessed Aug 11, 2025."},{"key":"10925_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bover Manderski MT, Steinberg MB, Wackowski OA, Singh B, Young WJ, Delnevo CD. Persistent Misperceptions about Nicotine among US Physicians: Results from a Randomized Survey Experiment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18147713","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147713"},{"key":"10925_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Steinberg MB, Bover Manderski MT, Wackowski OA, Singh B, Strasser AA, Delnevo CD. Nicotine risk misperception among US physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(12):3888-3890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-020-06172-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-020-06172-8"},{"key":"10925_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sabado-Liwag M, Zamora M, El-Toukhy S. Current state of unhealthy living characteristics in Black\/African American and Latino populations: Tobacco use. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;71:27-36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.04.009"},{"key":"10925_CR65","unstructured":"American Lung Association. Top 11 Communities Disproportionately Affected by Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use. 2025.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.lung.org\/research\/sotc\/by-the-numbers\/top-10-populations-affected.\u00a0Accessed Dec 11, 2025."},{"key":"10925_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garrett BE. Socioeconomic Differences in cigarette smoking among sociodemographic groups. Prev Chronic Dis. 2019;16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd16.180553","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd16.180553"},{"key":"10925_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bondar S, Konradi A, Salagay O. How do physicians of different specialties assess smoking status in hospital and primary care. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(Supplement_2):ehaa946.3016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.3016","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.3016"},{"key":"10925_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferketich AK, Khan Y, Wewers ME. Are physicians asking about tobacco use and assisting with cessation? Results from the 2001\u20132004 national ambulatory medical care survey (NAMCS). Prev Med. 2006;43(6):472-476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.07.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.07.009"},{"key":"10925_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown CC, Wei F. The impact of insurance gain and discussions with healthcare providers on quitting smoking. Behav Med. 2018;44(2):160-170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08964289.2017.1375455","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2017.1375455"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:56:23Z","timestamp":1792194983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-026-10925-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8734","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1497","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained prior to every interview; analyses are based on de-identified data deemed exempt from review by the Rutgers University Institutional Review Board.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical Trial Number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}