{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:21:11Z","timestamp":1790814071726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/V002163\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/V002163\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L012537\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L012537\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010686","name":"H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H2020-FETPROACT-2018-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2020-FETPROACT-2018-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The notion of using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a source of differentiated cell types for replacement of disease or damaged tissues in regenerative medicine is now an active area of research, with approaches to treating eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration or Parkinson\u2019s disease now on the horizon. But the foundations for this research lie in a quite different area of science, namely the role of genetics of cancer. In this review, we trace the evolution of ideas starting with the discovery that strain 129 mice are particularly subject to develop germ cell tumors, through the identification of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells as the stem cells of the teratocarcinoma manifestation of these tumors, to the recognition of their relationship to pluripotent cells of the early embryo, and eventually their role in the derivation of embryonic stem cells, first from mouse embryos and then from primates including humans. This is a story that illustrates how science commonly develops through the interests and insights of individual investigators, often with unexpected and unintended outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T17:03:02Z","timestamp":1708707782000},"page":"514-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The origins of human pluripotent stem cells: the road from a cancer to regenerative medicine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7215-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter W.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"865_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-022-00974-5","volume":"67","author":"R Akiba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akiba R, Takahashi M, Baba T, Mandai M (2023) Progress of iPS cell-based transplantation therapy for retinal diseases. Jpn J Ophthalmol 67:119\u2013128","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"865_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05246-3","volume":"610","author":"G Amadei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amadei G, Handford CE, Qiu C, De Jonghe J, Greenfeld H, Tran M, Martin BK, Chen D-Y, Aguilera-Castrejon A, Hanna JH, Elowitz MB, Hollfelder F, Shendure J, Glover DM, Zernicka-Goetz M (2022) Embryo model completes gastrulation to neurulation and organogenesis. Nature 610:143\u2013153","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(84)90316-6","volume":"103","author":"PW Andrews","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andrews PW (1984) Retinoic acid induces neuronal differentiation of a cloned human embryonal carcinoma cell line in vitro. Dev Biol 103:285\u2013293","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1984.3.347","volume":"3","author":"PW Andrews","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andrews PW, Banting G, Damjanov I, Arnaud D, Avner P (1984a) Three monoclonal antibodies defining distinct differentiation antigens associated with different high molecular weight polypeptides on the surface of human embryonal carcinoma cells. Hybridoma 3:347\u2013361","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"865_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2017.05.029","volume":"9","author":"PW Andrews","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrews PW, Ben-David U, Benvenisty N, Coffey P, Eggan K, Knowles BB, Nagy A, Pera M, Reubinoff B, Rugg-Gunn PJ, Stacey GN (2017) Assessing the safety of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their derivatives for clinical applications. Stem Cell Reports 9:1\u20134","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"865_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910260304","volume":"26","author":"PW Andrews","year":"1980","unstructured":"Andrews PW, Bronson DL, Benham F, Strickland S, Knowles BB (1980) A comparative study of eight cell lines derived from human testicular teratocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 26:269\u2013280","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"865_CR7","first-page":"147","volume":"50","author":"PW Andrews","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andrews PW, Damjanov I, Simon D, Banting G, Carlin C, Dracopoli NC, Fogh J (1984b) Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma clones derived from the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2: differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Lab Invest 50:147\u2013162","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"865_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910290507","volume":"29","author":"PW Andrews","year":"1982","unstructured":"Andrews PW, Goodfellow PN, Shevinsky L, Bronson DL, Knowles BB (1982) Cell surface antigens of a clonal human embryonal carcinoma cell line: morphological and antigenic differentiation in culture. Int J Cancer 29:523\u2013531","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"865_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artzt K, Dubois P, Bennett D, Condamine H, Babinet C, Jacob F (1973) Surface antigens common to mouse cleavage embryos and primitive teratocarcinoma cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:2988\u20132992","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.10.2988"},{"key":"865_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2013.10.005","volume":"1","author":"S Avery","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avery S, Hirst AJ, Baker D, Lim C-Y, Alagaratnam A, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Pera MF, Colman A, Robson P, Andrews PW, Knowles BK (2013) Bcl-xL mediates the strong selective advantage of a 20q1121 amplification commonly found in human embryonic stem cell cultures. Stem Cell Reports 1:379\u2013386","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"865_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.09.014","volume":"21","author":"RA Barker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barker RA, Parmar M, Studer L, Takahashi J (2017) Human trials of stem cell-derived dopamine neurons for Parkinson\u2019s disease: dawn of a new era. Cell Stem Cell 21:569\u2013573","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"865_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernstine EG, Hooper ML, Grandchamp S, Ephrussi B (1973) Alkaline phosphatase activity in mouse teratoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3899\u20133903","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.12.3899"},{"key":"865_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6730","volume":"149","author":"CV Borlongan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Borlongan CV, Tajima Y, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Sanberg PR (1998) Transplantation of cryopreserved human embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons (NT2N cells) promotes functional recovery in ischemic rats. Exp Neurol 149:310\u2013321","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"865_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/309255a0","volume":"309","author":"A Bradley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bradley A, Evans M, Kaufman MH, Robertson E (1984) Formation of germ-line chimaeras from embryo-derived teratocarcinoma cell lines. Nature 309:255\u2013256","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.140.4.1049","volume":"140","author":"RL Brinster","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brinster RL (1974) The effect of cells transferred into the mouse blastocyst on subsequent development. J Exp Med 140:1049\u20131056","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"865_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4114","volume":"36","author":"L da Cruz","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Cruz L, Fynes K, Georgiadis O, Kerby J, Luo YH, Ahmado A, Vernon A, Daniels JT, Nommiste B, Hasan SM, Gooljar SB, Carr A-JF, Vugler A, Ramsden CM, Bictash M, Fenster M, Steer J, Harbinson T, Wilbrey A, Tufail A, Feng G, Whitlock M, Robson AG, Holder GE, Sagoo MS, Loudon PT, Whiting P, Coffey PJ (2018) Phase 1 clinical study of an embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium patch in age-related macular degeneration. Nat Biotech 36:328\u2013337","journal-title":"Nat Biotech"},{"key":"865_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(02)00346-5","volume":"12","author":"GQ Daley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Daley GQ (2002) Prospects for stem cell therapeutics: myths and medicines. Curr Opin Genet Dev 12:607\u2013613","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"865_CR18","first-page":"2190","volume":"43","author":"I Damjanov","year":"1983","unstructured":"Damjanov I, Andrews PW (1983) Ultrastructural differentiation of a clonal human embryonal carcinoma cell line in vitro. Cancer Res 43:2190\u20132198","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"865_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1107-1212a","volume":"25","author":"I Damjanov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Damjanov I, Andrews PW (2007) Correspondence regarding: The terminology of teratocarcinomas and teratomas. Nat Biotech 25:1212","journal-title":"Nat Biotech"},{"key":"865_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.160274id","volume":"60","author":"I Damjanov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damjanov I, Andrews PW (2016) Teratomas produced from human pluripotent stem cells xenografted into immunodeficient mice - a histopathology atlas. Int J Dev Biol 60:337\u2013419","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR21","first-page":"225","volume":"108","author":"I Damjanov","year":"1982","unstructured":"Damjanov I, Fox N, Knowles BB, Solter D, Lange PH, Fraley EE (1982) Immunohistochemical localization of murine stage-specific embryonic antigens in human testicular germ cell tumors. Am J Pathol 108:225\u2013230","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"865_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.130143id","volume":"57","author":"I Damjanov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damjanov I, Wewer-Albrechtsen N (2013) Testicular germ cell tumors and related research from a historical point of view. Int J Dev Biol 57:197\u2013200","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1117","volume":"30","author":"JA Desmarais","year":"2012","unstructured":"Desmarais JA, Hoffmann MJ, Bingham G, Gagou ME, Meuth M, Andrews PW (2012) Human embryonic stem cells fail to activate CHK1 and commit to apoptosis in response to DNA replication stress. Stem Cells 30:1385\u20131393","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"865_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0279-2","volume":"7","author":"JA Desmarais","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desmarais JA, Unger C, Damjanov I, Meuth M, Andrews P (2016) Apoptosis and failure of checkpoint kinase 1 activation in human induced pluripotent stem cells under replication stress. Stem Cell Res Ther 7:17\u201323","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"865_CR25","first-page":"3275","volume":"41","author":"LH Einhorn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Einhorn LH (1981) Testicular cancer as a model for a curable neoplasm: the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture. Cancer Res 41:3275\u20133280","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"865_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/292154a0","volume":"292","author":"MJ Evans","year":"1981","unstructured":"Evans MJ, Kaufman MH (1981) Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature 292:154\u2013156","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(87)90328-9","volume":"122","author":"BA Fenderson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fenderson BA, Andrews PW, Nudelman E, Clausen H, Hakomori S (1987) Glycolipid core structure switching from globo- to lacto- and ganglio-series during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of TERA-2-derived human embryonal carcinoma cells. Dev Biol 122:21\u201334","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finch BW and Ephrussi B (1967) Retention of multiple developmental potentialities by cells of a mouse testicular teratocarcinoma during prolonged culture in vitro and their extinction upon hybridisation with cells of permanent lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 57:615\u2013621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.57.3.615"},{"key":"865_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gearhart J (1998) New potential for human embryonic stem cells. Science 282:1061\u20131062","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1061"},{"key":"865_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00292-z","volume":"21","author":"J Halliwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halliwell J, Barbaric I, Andrews PW (2020a) Acquired genetic changes in pluripotent stem cells: origins and consequences. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 21:715\u2013728","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"865_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.04.004","volume":"14","author":"JA Halliwell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Halliwell JA, Frith TJR, Laing O, Price CJ, Bower OJ, Stavish D, Gokhale PJ, Hewitt Z, El-Khamisy SF, Barbaric I, Andrews PW (2020b) Nucleosides rescue replication-mediated genome instability of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Rep 14:1009\u20131017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"865_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/270515a0","volume":"270","author":"B Hogan","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hogan B, Fellous M, Avner P, Jacob F (1977) Isolation of a human teratoma cell line which expresses F9 antigen. Nature 270:515\u2013518","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/270518a0","volume":"270","author":"S Holden","year":"1977","unstructured":"Holden S, Bernard O, Artzt K, Whitmore WF, Bennett D (1977) Human and mouse embryonal carcinoma cells in culture share an embryonic antigen (F9). Nature 270:518\u2013520","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01746.x","volume":"2","author":"R Kannagi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kannagi R, Cochran NA, Ishigami F, Hakomori S-I, Andrews PW, Knowles BB, Solter D (1983) Stage specific embryonic antigens (SSEA-3 and -4) are epitopes of a unique globo-series ganglioside isolated from human teratocarcinoma cells. EMBO J 2:2355\u20132361","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"865_CR35","first-page":"1544","volume":"24","author":"LJ Kleinsmith","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kleinsmith LJ, Pierce GB (1964) Multipotentiality of single embryonal carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 24:1544\u20131551","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"865_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.4.565","volume":"55","author":"D Kondziolka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kondziolka D, Wechsler L, Goldstein S, Meltzer C, Thulborn KR, Gebel J, Jannetta P, DeCesare S, Elder EM, McGrogan M, Reitman MA, Bynum L (2000) Transplantation of cultured human neuronal cells for patients with stroke. Neurology 55:565\u2013569","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"865_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt85","volume":"2","author":"TY Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu TY, Yang L (2011) Uses of cardiomyocytes generated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2:44","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"865_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin GR (1981) Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7634\u20137636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.12.7634"},{"key":"865_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(74)90090-7","volume":"2","author":"GR Martin","year":"1974","unstructured":"Martin GR, Evans MJ (1974) The morphology and growth of a pluripotent teratocarcinoma cell line and its derivatives in tissue culture. Cell 2:163\u2013172","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"865_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin GR, Evans MJ (1975) Differentiation of clonal lines of teratocarcinoma cells: formation of embryoid bodies in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:1441\u20131445","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.4.1441"},{"key":"865_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22312","volume":"545","author":"F Merkle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merkle F, Ghosh S, Kamitaki N, Mitchell J, Avior Y, Mello C, Kashin S, Mekhoubad S, Ilic D, Charlton M, Saphier G, Handsaker RE, Genovese G, Bar S, Benvenisty N, McCarroll SA, Eggan K (2017) Human pluripotent stem cells recurrently acquire and expand dominant negative P53 mutations. Nature 545:229\u2013233","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0171-8","volume":"20","author":"J Meseguer-Ripolles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meseguer-Ripolles J, Khetani SR, Blanco JG, Iredale M, Hay DC (2018) Pluripotent stem cell-derived human tissue: platforms to evaluate drug metabolism and safety. AAPS J 20:20","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"865_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mintz B and Illmensee K (1975) Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:3585\u20133589","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3585"},{"key":"865_CR44","unstructured":"Mostofi FK and Price EB (1973) Tumors of the male genital system: atlas of tumor pathology second series Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington"},{"key":"865_CR45","first-page":"3","volume":"126","author":"J-F Nicolas","year":"1975","unstructured":"Nicolas J-F, Dubois P, Jakob H, Gaillard J, Jacob F (1975) T\u00e9ratocarcinome de la souris: diff\u00e9renciation en culture d\u2019une lign\u00e9e de cellules primitives \u00e0 potentialit\u00e9s multiples. Ann Microbiol Inst Pasteur A 126:3\u201322","journal-title":"Ann Microbiol Inst Pasteur A"},{"key":"865_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340123","volume":"34","author":"JW Oosterhuis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Oosterhuis JW, Andrews PW, Knowles BB, Damjanov I (1984) Effects of cisplatinum on embryonal carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Int J Cancer 34:133\u2013139","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"865_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/258070a0","volume":"258","author":"VE Papaioannou","year":"1975","unstructured":"Papaioannou VE, McBurney MW, Gardner RL, Evans MJ (1975) Fate of teratocarcinoma cells injected into early mouse embryos. Nature 258:70\u201373","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0499-68","volume":"280","author":"RA Pedersen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pedersen RA (1999) Embryonic stem cells for medicine. Sci Am 280:68\u201373","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"865_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1988.tb00089.x","volume":"39","author":"MF Pera","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pera MF, Blasco-Lafita MJ, Cooper S, Mason M, Mills J, Monaghan P (1988) Analysis of cell-differentiation lineage in human teratomas using new monoclonal antibodies to cytostructural antigens of embryonal carcinoma cells. Differentiation 39:139\u2013149","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"865_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.1989.tb00602.x","volume":"42","author":"MF Pera","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pera MF, Cooper S, Mills J, Parrington JM (1989) Isolation and characterization of a multipotent clone of human embryonal carcinoma cells. Differentiation 42:10\u201323","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"865_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/323445a0","volume":"323","author":"E Robertson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Robertson E, Bradley A, Kuehn M, Evans M (1986) Germ-line transmission of genes introduced into cultured pluripotential cells by retroviral vector. Nature 323:445\u2013448","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR52","first-page":"1001","volume":"44","author":"MD Rosenthal","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rosenthal MD, Wishnow RM, Sato GH (1970) In vitro growth and differentiation of clonal populations of multipotential mouse cells derived from a transplantable testicular teratocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 44:1001\u20131014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"865_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60028-2","volume":"379","author":"SD Schwartz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwartz SD, Hubschman JP, Heilwell G, Franco-Cardenas V, Pan CK, Ostrick RM, Mickunas E, Gay R, Klimanskaya I, Lanza R (2012) Embryonic stem cell trials for macular degeneration: a preliminary report. Lancet 379:713\u2013720","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"865_CR54","unstructured":"Scully RE (1979) Tumors of the ovary and maldeveloped gonads: atlas of tumor pathology second series Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington"},{"key":"865_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90274-4","volume":"30","author":"L Shevinsky","year":"1982","unstructured":"Shevinsky L, Knowles BB, Damjanov I, Solter D (1982) Monoclonal antibody to murine embryos defines a stage specific embryonic antigen expressed on mouse embryos and human teratocarcinoma cells. Cell 30:697\u2013705","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"865_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1987.tb00161.x","volume":"10","author":"NE Skakkebaek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Skakkebaek NE, Berthelsen JG, Giwercman A, M\u00fcller J (1987) Carcinoma-in-situ of the testis: possible origin from gonocytes and precursor of all types of germ cell tumours except spermatocytoma. Int J Androl 10:19\u201328","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"865_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solter D, Knowles BB (1978) Monoclonal antibody defining a stage-specific mouse embryonic antigen (SSEA-1). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:5565\u20135569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.11.5565"},{"key":"865_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/227503a0","volume":"227","author":"D Solter","year":"1970","unstructured":"Solter D, Skreb N, Damjanov I (1970) Extrauterine growth of mouse egg-cylinders results in malignant teratoma. Nature 227:503\u2013504","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"865_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9953-5.50005-6","volume":"6","author":"LC Stevens","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stevens LC (1967a) The biology of teratomas. Adv Morphol 6:1\u201331","journal-title":"Adv Morphol"},{"key":"865_CR60","first-page":"549","volume":"38","author":"LC Stevens","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stevens LC (1967b) Origin of testicular teratomas from primordial germ cells in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 38:549\u2013552","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"865_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(70)90130-2","volume":"21","author":"LC Stevens","year":"1970","unstructured":"Stevens LC (1970) The development of transplantable teratocarcinomas from intratesticular grafts of pre- and postimplantation mouse embryos. Dev Biol 21:364\u2013382","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens LC and Little CC (1954) Spontaneous testicular teratomas in an inbred strain of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 40:1080\u20131087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.40.11.1080"},{"key":"865_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(74)90155-9","volume":"37","author":"LC Stevens","year":"1974","unstructured":"Stevens LC, Varnum DS (1974) The development of teratomas from parthenogenetically activated ovarian mouse eggs. Dev Biol 37:369\u2013380","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"865_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.01.013","volume":"28","author":"J Takahashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takahashi J (2021) Clinical trial for Parkinson\u2019s disease gets a green light in the US. Cell Stem Cell 28:182\u2013183","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"865_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.019","volume":"131","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, Yamanaka S (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131:861\u2013872","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"865_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.024","volume":"126","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663\u2013676","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"865_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1974","volume":"29","author":"PW Andrews","year":"2011","unstructured":"The International Stem Cell Initiative - Amps K, Andrews PW, Anyfantis G, Armstrong L, Avery S, Baharvand H, Baker J, Baker D, Munoz MB, Beil S, Benvenisty N, Ben-Yosef D, Biancotti JC, Bosman A, Brena RM, Brison D, Caisander G, Camarasa MV, Chen J, Chiao E, Choi YM, Choo AB, Collins D, Colman A, Crook JM, Daley GQ, Dalton A, De Sousa PA, Denning C, Downie J, Dvorak P, Montgomery KD, Feki A, Ford A, Fox V, Fraga AM, Frumkin T, Ge L, Gokhale PJ, Golan-Lev T, Gourabi H, Gropp M, Guangxiu L, Hampl A, Harron K, Healy L, Herath W, Holm F, Hovatta O, Hyllner J, Inamdar MS, Irwanto AK, Ishii T, Jaconi M, Jin Y, Kimber S, Kiselev S, Knowles BB, Kopper O, Kukharenko V, Kuliev A, Lagarkova MA, Laird PW, Lako M, Laslett AL, Lavon N, Lee DR, Lee JE, Li C, Lim LS, Ludwig TE, Ma Y, Maltby E, Mateizel I, Mayshar Y, Mileikovsky M, Minger SL, Miyazaki T, Moon SY, Moore H, Mummery C, Nagy A, Nakatsuji N, Narwani K, Oh SKW, Oh SK, Olson C, Otonkoski T, Pan F, Park IH, Pells S, Pera MF, Pereira LV, Qi O, Raj GS, Reubinoff B, Robins A, Robson P, Rossant J, Salekdeh GH, Schulz TC, Sermon K, Mohamed JS, Shen H, Sherrer E, Sidhu K, Sivarajah S, Skottman H, Spits C, Stacey GN, Strehl R, Strelchenko N, Suemori H, Sun B, Suuronen R, Takahashi K, Tuuri T, Venu P, Verlinsky Y, van Oostwaard DW, Weisenberger DJ, Wu Y, Yamanaka S, Young L, Zhou Q (2011) Screening ethnically diverse human embryonic stem cells identifies a chromosome 20 minimal amplicon conferring growth advantage. Nat Biotechnol 29:1132\u20131144","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"865_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15271-3","volume":"11","author":"O Thompson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thompson O, von Meyenn F, Hewitt Z, Alexander J, Wood A, Weightman R, Gregory S, Krueger S, Andrews S, Barbaric I, Gokhale PJ, Moore HD, Reik W, Milo M, Nik-Zainal S, Yusa K, Andrews PW (2020) Low rates of acquisition of de novo mutations in human pluripotent stem cells under different culture conditions. Nat Commun 11:1528","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"865_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.72.1.37","volume":"72","author":"S Thompson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thompson S, Stern PL, Webb M, Walsh FS, Engstrom W, Evans EP, Shi WK, Hopkins B, Graham CF (1984) Cloned human teratoma cells differentiate into neuronlike cells and other cell types in retinoic acid. J Cell Sci 72:37\u201364","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"865_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1145","volume":"282","author":"JA Thomson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, Waknitz MA, Swiergiel JJ, Marshall VS, Jones JM (1998) Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282:1145\u20131147","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"865_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomson JA, Kalishman J, Golos TG, Durning M, Harris CP, Becker RA, Hearn JP (1995) Isolation of a primate embryonic stem cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7844\u20137848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.17.7844"},{"key":"865_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.2.254","volume":"55","author":"JA Thomson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thomson JA, Kalishman J, Golos TG, Durning M, Harris CP, Hearn JP (1996) Pluripotent cell lines derived from common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) blastocysts. Biol Reprod 55:688\u2013690","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"865_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1691237","volume":"45","author":"L Vitillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vitillo L, Victoria E, Tovell VE, Coffey P (2019) Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium. Curr Eye Res 45:361\u2013371","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"865_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151526","volume":"318","author":"J Yu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Frane JL, Tian S, Nie J, Jonsdottir GA, Ruotti V, Stewart R, Slukvin II, Thomson JA (2007) Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318:1917\u20131920","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology - Animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T18:25:13Z","timestamp":1716575113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11626-024-00865-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-2690","1543-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-2690","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-706X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"PWA receives Royalties from the Wistar Institute from sales of the TRA series of antibodies and is a member of the SAB of TreeFrog Therapeutics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}