{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:51:33Z","timestamp":1792619493916,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"IQ Consortium and AAALAC International","award":["IF063-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF063-2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004386","name":"Universiti Malaya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. ST017-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. ST017-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1784643041000},"page":"1131-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["3D HepG2 spheroid model exhibits drug-specific response profiles validating their application in therapeutic screening"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Wee Ling","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ain Zubaidah","family":"Ayob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Danish","family":"Ahmad Tarmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur\u2019ain","family":"Salehen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1720-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thamil Selvee","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2023.11.004","volume":"7","author":"W Abdelhamed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelhamed W, El-Kassas M (2023) Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence: predictors and management. Liver Res 7:321\u2013332","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"key":"1204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/13651820410024049","volume":"7","author":"ES Bialecki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bialecki ES, Di Bisceglie AM (2005) Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 7:26\u201334","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"1204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000437","volume":"8","author":"L Blukacz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blukacz L, Nuciforo S, Fucile G, Trulsson F, Duthaler U, Wieland S, Heim MH (2024) Inhibition of the transmembrane transporter ABCB1 overcomes resistance to doxorubicin in patient-derived organoid models of HCC. Hepatol Commun 8","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"1204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2022.2079491","volume":"31","author":"ZJ Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown ZJ, Hewitt DB, Pawlik TM (2022) Experimental drug treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical trial failures 2015 to 2021. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 31:693\u2013706","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"1204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carabias P, Espelt MV, Bacigalupo ML, Rojas P, Sarrias L, Rubin A, Saffioti NA, Elola MT, Rossi JP, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF (2022) Galectin-1 confers resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through modulation of P-glycoprotein expression. Cell Death Dis 13:79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04520-6"},{"key":"1204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020633","author":"A Di Sotto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Sotto A, Irannejad H, Eufemi M, Mancinelli R, Abete L, Mammola CL, Altieri F, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S (2020) Potentiation of low-dose doxorubicin cytotoxicity by affecting P-glycoprotein through caryophyllane sesquiterpenes in HepG2 cells: an in vitro and in silico study. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21020633","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11071024","author":"IR Dubbelboer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dubbelboer IR, Pavlovic N, Heindryckx F, Sj\u00f6gren E, Lennern\u00e4s H (2019) Liver cancer cell lines treated with doxorubicin under normoxia and hypoxia: cell viability and oncologic protein profile. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11071024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1089\/adt.2014.573","volume":"12","author":"R Edmondson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Edmondson R, Broglie JJ, Adcock AF, Yang L (2014) Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 12:207\u2013218","journal-title":"Assay Drug Dev Technol"},{"key":"1204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41273-3","volume":"9","author":"C Eilenberger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eilenberger C, Rothbauer M, Ehmoser E-K, Ertl P, K\u00fcpc\u00fc S (2019) Effect of spheroidal age on sorafenib diffusivity and toxicity in a 3D HepG2 spheroid model. Sci Rep 9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29080434","volume":"29","author":"MY Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng MY, Chan LL, Chan SL (2022) Drug treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: first-line and beyond. Curr Oncol 29:5489\u20135507","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"1204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2025.125556","volume":"675","author":"S Gautam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gautam S, Joshi S, Jindal P, Patel P, Pal RR, Kumar M, Gupta GD, Kurmi BD (2025) Recent doxorubicin-conjugates in cancer drug delivery: exploring conjugation strategies for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Int J Pharm 675","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000245316.82391.52","volume":"18","author":"O Hahn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hahn O, Stadler W (2006) Sorafenib. Curr Opin Oncol 18:615\u2013621","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"1204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-021-01853-8","author":"SJ Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han SJ, Kwon S, Kim KS (2021) Challenges of applying multicellular tumor spheroids in preclinical phase. Cancer Cell Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12935-021-01853-8","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"key":"1204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2786","volume":"32","author":"M Hay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hay M, Thomas DW, Craighead JL, Economides C, Rosenthal J (2014) Clinical development success rates for investigational drugs. Nat Biotechnol 32:40\u201351","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"1204_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez Villafuerte K, Schlander M, Cheng CY, Mestre-Ferrandiz J, Baumann M (2020) 1587MO How much does it cost to research and develop a new medicine? A systematic review and evaluation of 40 years of literature. Ann Oncol 31:S962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.08.1898"},{"key":"1204_CR16","unstructured":"Hoffmann K, Franz C, Xiao Z, Mohr E, Serba S, B\u00fcchler MW, Schemmer P (2010) Sorafenib modulates the gene expression of multi-drug resistance mediating ATP-binding cassette proteins in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res 30:4503\u20134508"},{"key":"1204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huether A, H\u00f6pfner M, Sutter AP, Schuppan D, Scher\u00fcbl H (2005) Erlotinib induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatocellular cancer cells and enhances chemosensitivity towards cytostatics. J Hepatol 43:661\u2013669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.02.040"},{"key":"1204_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.6008","volume":"176","author":"TJ Hwang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hwang TJ, Carpenter D, Lauffenburger JC, Wang B, Franklin JM, Kesselheim AS (2016) Failure of investigational drugs in late-stage clinical development and publication of trial results. JAMA Intern Med 176:1826\u20131833","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1204_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-025-11415-0","volume":"53","author":"LQ Keoh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Keoh LQ, Ahmad Tarmizi MD, Sawai S, Oh L, Ramasamy TS (2026) Short-term hypoxia and nutrient deprivation stress induced shifts in p53 isoform expression in HepG2 tumourspheres. Mol Biol Rep 53:271","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"1204_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071717","volume":"10","author":"F Kullenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kullenberg F, Degerstedt O, Calitz C, Pavlovi\u0107 N, Balgoma D, Gr\u00e5sj\u00f6 J, Sj\u00f6gren E, Hedeland M, Heindryckx F, Lennern\u00e4s H (2021) In vitro cell toxicity and intracellular uptake of doxorubicin exposed as a solution or liposomes: implications for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cells 10","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00006","volume":"9","author":"SA Langhans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Langhans SA (2018) Three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models in drug discovery and drug repositioning. Front Pharmacol 9:6","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.782766","author":"AMK Law","year":"2021","unstructured":"Law AMK, Rodriguez De La Fuente L, Grundy TJ, Fang G, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D (2021) Advancements in 3D cell culture systems for personalizing anti-cancer therapies. Front Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.782766","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1204_CR23","first-page":"115","volume":"3","author":"D Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu D, Qi X, Manjunath Y, Kimchi ET, Ma L, Kaifi JT, Staveley-O\u2019carroll KF, Li G (2018) Sunitinib and sorafenib modulating antitumor immunity in hepatocellular cancer. J Immunol Res Ther 3:115\u2013123","journal-title":"J Immunol Res Ther"},{"key":"1204_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00240-3","volume":"7","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Llovet JM, Kelley RK, Villanueva A, Singal AG, Pikarsky E, Roayaie S, Lencioni R, Koike K, Zucman-Rossi J, Finn RS (2021) Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nat Rev Dis Primers 7:6","journal-title":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061663","volume":"12","author":"JJG Marin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marin JJG, Macias RIR, Monte MJ, Romero MR, Asensio M, Sanchez-Martin A, Cives-Losada C, Temprano AG, Espinosa-Escudero R, Reviejo M, Bohorquez LH, Briz O (2020) Molecular bases of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers 12","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1204_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14143524","author":"JJG Marin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marin JJG, Monte MJ, Macias RIR, Romero MR, Herraez E, Asensio M, Ortiz-Rivero S, Cives-Losada C, Di Giacomo S, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Mauriz JL, Efferth T, Briz O (2022) Expression of chemoresistance-associated ABC proteins in hepatobiliary, pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers. Cancers (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14143524","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1204_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mason J, \u00d6hlund D (2023) Key aspects for conception and construction of co-culture models of tumor-stroma interactions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 11:1150764","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1150764"},{"key":"1204_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.1498","volume":"94","author":"AT Nies","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nies AT, K\u00f6nig J, Pfannschmidt M, Klar E, Hofmann WJ, Keppler D (2001) Expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MRP2 and MRP3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 94:492\u2013499","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"1204_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i19.2279","volume":"25","author":"OO Ogunwobi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogunwobi OO, Harricharran T, Huaman J, Galuza A, Odumuwagun O, Tan Y, Ma GX, Nguyen MT (2019) Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma progression. World J Gastroenterol 25:2279\u20132293","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1204_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3601","volume":"177","author":"V Prasad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prasad V, Mailankody S (2017) Research and development spending to bring a single cancer drug to market and revenues after approval. JAMA Intern Med 177:1569\u20131575","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1204_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.018","volume":"76","author":"M Reig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reig M, Forner A, Rimola J, Ferrer-F\u00e0brega J, Burrel M, Garcia-Criado \u00c1, Kelley RK, Galle PR, Mazzaferro V, Salem R, Sangro B, Singal AG, Vogel A, Fuster J, Ayuso C, Bruix J (2022) BCLC strategy for prognosis prediction and treatment recommendation: the 2022 update. J Hepatol 76:681\u2013693","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1204_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111801","volume":"10","author":"NA Seebacher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seebacher NA, Krchniakova M, Stacy AE, Skoda J, Jansson PJ (2021) Tumour microenvironment stress promotes the development of drug resistance. Antioxidants 10","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"1204_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.433","volume":"34","author":"Y Shibayama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shibayama Y, Nakano K, Maeda H, Taguchi M, Ikeda R, Sugawara M, Iseki K, Takeda Y, Yamada K (2011) Multidrug resistance protein 2 implicates anticancer drug-resistance to sorafenib. Biol Pharm Bull 34:433\u2013435","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"1204_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2144\/btn-2020-0081","volume":"69","author":"SK Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh SK, Abbas S, Saxena AK, Tiwari S, Sharma LK, Tiwari M (2020) Critical role of three-dimensional tumorsphere size on experimental outcome. Biotechniques 69:333\u2013338","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"1204_CR35","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209\u2013249","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1204_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512046","volume":"24","author":"O Urz\u00ec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Urz\u00ec O, Gasparro R, Costanzo E, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Fontana S, Alessandro R (2023) Three-dimensional cell cultures: the bridge between in vitro and in vivo models. Int J Mol Sci 24","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1204_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.10.008","volume":"4","author":"GA Van Norman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Norman GA (2019) Limitations of animal studies for predicting toxicity in clinical trials: is it time to rethink our current approach? JACC Basic Transl Sci 4:845\u2013854","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"1204_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.025","volume":"59","author":"A Villanueva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Villanueva A (2013) Rethinking future development of molecular therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: a bottom-up approach. J Hepatol 59:392\u2013395","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1204_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.3871","volume":"12","author":"H Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang H, Qian Z, Zhao H, Zhang X, Che S, Zhang H, Shang H, Bao J, Hao C, Liu J, Li Z (2015) CSN5 silencing reverses sorafenib resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 12:3902\u20133908","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"1204_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-23-567","volume":"12","author":"Z Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Z, Wu S, Chen X, Liang J, Xue F, Cho WC, Bao J, Chen B, Ye M, Ma D, Zhu C, Zhu J, Shen J (2023) PFKP confers chemoresistance by upregulating ABCC2 transporter in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 12:2294\u20132309","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"1204_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxx069","volume":"20","author":"CH Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong CH, Siah KW, Lo AW (2019) Estimation of clinical trial success rates and related parameters. Biostatistics 20:273\u2013286","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"1204_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.08.006","volume":"130","author":"KM Yamada","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada KM, Cukierman E (2007) Modeling tissue morphogenesis and cancer in 3D. Cell 130:601\u201310","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1204_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19103","volume":"6","author":"M Zanoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zanoni M, Piccinini F, Arienti C, Zamagni A, Santi S, Polico R, Bevilacqua A, Tesei A (2016) 3D tumor spheroid models for in vitro therapeutic screening: a systematic approach to enhance the biological relevance of data obtained. Sci Rep 6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1204_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15257","volume":"10","author":"RX Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu RX, Seto W-K, Lai C-L, Yuen M-F (2016) Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Asia-Pacific region. Gut Liver 10:332\u2013339","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"key":"1204_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu S, Yin J, Lu X, Jiang D, Chen R, Cui K, He W, Huang N, Xu G (2025) Influence of experimental variables on spheroid attributes. Sci Rep 15(1):9751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-92037-1"},{"key":"1204_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou Y, Wan X, Zhou Q, Zhu G, Lin S, Tang Q, Yang X, Wang S (2025) Mechanisms of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Proced Online 27(1):19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12575-025-00281-6"}],"container-title":["In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology - Animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:38:36Z","timestamp":1791826716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01204-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-2690","1543-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-2690","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-706X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}