{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:09:11Z","timestamp":1789744151394,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82060886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["QKH-J(2020)1Y366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-J(2020)1Y366"]}]},{"name":"Special Project for Scientific Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine of the Guizhou Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","award":["QZYY-2019-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QZYY-2019-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:42:20Z","timestamp":1789742540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Huwang Mingmu decoction protects retinal neurons in early diabetic retinopathy by suppressing the IL-1\u03b2-c-Jun-GS pathway: an in vivo and in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xuewei","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110852","volume":"132","author":"X Ai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ai X, Yu P, Hou Y, Song X, Luo J, Li N, Lai X, Wang X, Meng X (2020) A review of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetic retinopathy and involved mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 132:110852","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alomar SY, M Barakat B, Eldosoky M, Atef H, Mohamed AS, Elhawary R, El-Shafey M, Youssef AM, Elkazaz AY, Gabr AM, Elaskary AA, Salih MAK, Alolayan SO, Zaitone SA (2021) Protective effect of metformin on rat diabetic retinopathy involves suppression of toll-like receptor 4\/nuclear factor-k B expression and glutamate excitotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 90:107193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107193"},{"key":"1246_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073","volume":"366","author":"DA Antonetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonetti DA, Klein R, Gardner TW (2012) Diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 366:1227\u20131239","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1246_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2425","volume":"102","author":"AJ Barber","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barber AJ, Lieth E, Khin SA, Antonetti DA, Buchanan AG, Gardner TW (1998) Neural apoptosis in the retina during experimental and human diabetes. Early onset and effect of insulin. J Clin Invest 102:783\u2013791","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1246_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.03.011","volume":"112","author":"S Biswas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Biswas S, Shahriar S, Bachay G, Arvanitis P, Jamoul D, Brunken WJ, Agalliu D (2024) Glutamatergic neuronal activity regulates angiogenesis and blood-retinal barrier maturation via Norrin\/\u03b2-catenin signaling. Neuron 112:1978-1996.e6","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1246_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.10.014","volume":"54","author":"A Bringmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bringmann A, Pannicke T, Biedermann B, Francke M, Iandiev I, Grosche J, Wiedemann P, Albrecht J, Reichenbach A (2009) Role of retinal glial cells in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism. Neurochem Int 54:143\u201360","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"1246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2024.2369292","volume":"62","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Ni Y, Yao W, Ding X (2024) Clinical observations and mechanistic insights of traditional Chinese medicine in the management of diabetic retinopathy. Pharm Biol 62:529\u2013543","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"1246_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032291","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Schlotterer A, Kurowski L, Li L, Dannehl M, Hammes HP, Lin J (2023) MiRNA-124 prevents rat diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting the microglial inflammatory response. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032291","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1246_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202503434","author":"K Corano Scheri","year":"2026","unstructured":"Corano Scheri K, Hsieh YW, Tedeschi T, Hurley JB, Fawzi AA (2026) M\u00fcller cell glutamine metabolism links photoreceptor and endothelial injury in diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci Alliance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.202503434","journal-title":"Life Sci Alliance"},{"key":"1246_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1998.0546","volume":"67","author":"A Do Carmo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Do Carmo A, Ramos P, Reis A, PROEN\u00e7A R, Cunha-Vaz JG (1998) Breakdown of the inner and outer blood retinal barrier in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Exp Eye Res 67:569\u201375","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"1246_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2021.108703","volume":"210","author":"Y Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Y, Cang X, Zhu L, Zhu M, Li A, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Song E (2021) PPP1CA\/YAP\/GS\/Gln\/mTORC1 pathway activates retinal M\u00fcller cells during diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 210:108703","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"1246_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070823","author":"S Kochumon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kochumon S, Al-Sayyar A, Jacob T, Arefanian H, Bahman F, Almansour N, Alzaid F, Al-Mulla F, Sindhu S, Ahmad R (2024) IL-1\u03b2-induced CXCL10 expression in THP-1 monocytic cells involves the JNK\/c-Jun and NF-\u03baB-mediated signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17070823","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"1246_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105961","volume":"176","author":"M Kolibabka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kolibabka M, Dannehl M, Oezer K, Murillo K, Huang H, Riemann S, Hoffmann S, Gretz N, Schlotterer A, Feng Y, Hammes HP (2023) Differences in junction-associated gene expression changes in three rat models of diabetic retinopathy with similar neurovascular phenotype. Neurobiol Dis 176:105961","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR14","first-page":"3109","volume":"43","author":"Q Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li Q, Puro DG (2002) Diabetes-induced dysfunction of the glutamate transporter in retinal M\u00fcller cells. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 43:3109\u20133116","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"1246_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.1170","volume":"74","author":"Q Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li Q, Zemel E, Miller B, Perlman I (2002) Early retinal damage in experimental diabetes: electroretinographical and morphological observations. Exp Eye Res 74:615\u2013625","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"1246_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06111-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhu L, Cai MX, Wang ZL, Zhuang M, Tan CY, Xie TH, Yao Y, Wei TT (2023) TGR5 supresses cGAS\/STING pathway by inhibiting GRP75-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial coupling in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Dis 14:583","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118641","volume":"335","author":"Z Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Z, Hu F, Xiong L, Zhou X, Dong C, Zheng Y (2024) Underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy: evidences from molecular and clinical studies. J Ethnopharmacol 335:118641","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1246_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102460","volume":"56","author":"K Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu K, Gao X, Hu C, Gui Y, Gui S, Ni Q, Tao L, Jiang Z (2022) Capsaicin ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting poldip2-induced oxidative stress. Redox Biol 56:102460","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"1246_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01668","volume":"10","author":"M Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma M, Zhao S, Zhang J, Sun T, Fan Y, Zheng Z (2019) High glucose-induced TRPC6 channel activation decreases glutamate uptake in rat retinal M\u00fcller cells. Front Pharmacol 10:1668","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1246_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.19.10836","volume":"96","author":"K Miyamoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Miyamoto K, Khosrof S, Bursell SE, Rohan R, Murata T, Clermont AC, Aiello LP, Ogura Y, Adamis AP (1999) Prevention of leukostasis and vascular leakage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy via intercellular adhesion molecule-1 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:10836\u201310841","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1246_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.3.445","volume":"47","author":"M Mizutani","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mizutani M, Gerhardinger C, Lorenzi M (1998) M\u00fcller cell changes in human diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 47:445\u2013449","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1246_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2009.07.144","volume":"388","author":"SW Moon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moon SW, Chung EJ, Jung SA, Lee JH (2009) PDGF stimulation of M\u00fcller cell proliferation: Contributions of c-JNK and the PI3K\/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 388:167\u2013171","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1246_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(96)10040-0","volume":"19","author":"E Newman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Newman E, Reichenbach A (1996) The M\u00fcller cell: a functional element of the retina. Trends Neurosci 19:307\u201312","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1246_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111454","volume":"124","author":"DA Padovani-Claudio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Padovani-Claudio DA, Morales MS, Smith TE, Ontko CD, Namburu NS, Palmer SA, Jhala MG, Ramos CJ, Capozzi ME, Mccollum GW, Penn JS (2024) Induction, amplification, and propagation of diabetic retinopathy-associated inflammatory cytokines between human retinal microvascular endothelial and M\u00fcller cells and in the mouse retina. Cell Signal 124:111454","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"1246_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/36150","volume":"2007","author":"JE Pulido","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pulido JE, Pulido JS, Erie JC, Arroyo J, Bertram K, Lu MJ, Shippy SA (2007) A role for excitatory amino acids in diabetic eye disease. Exp Diabetes Res 2007:36150","journal-title":"Exp Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1246_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01168.x","volume":"83","author":"I Shaked","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shaked I, Ben-Dror I, Vardimon L (2002) Glutamine synthetase enhances the clearance of extracellular glutamate by the neural retina. J Neurochem 83:574\u2013580","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1246_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680903030875","volume":"34","author":"X Shen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shen X, Xu G (2009) Role of IL-1beta on the glutamine synthetase in retinal M\u00fcller cells under high glucose conditions. Curr Eye Res 34:727\u2013736","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"1246_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-010-1362-5","volume":"248","author":"X Shen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shen X, Zhong Y, Xie B, Cheng Y, Jiao Q (2010) Pigment epithelium derived factor as an anti-inflammatory factor against decrease of glutamine synthetase expression in retinal M\u00fcller cells under high glucose conditions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 248:1127\u20131136","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1246_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1289-z","volume":"39","author":"AK Toft-Kehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toft-Kehler AK, Skytt DM, Poulsen KA, BR\u00e6NDSTRUP CT, Gegelashvili G, Waagepetersen H, Kolko M (2014) Limited energy supply in M\u00fcller cells alters glutamate uptake. Neurochem Res 39:941\u2013949","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"1246_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13061328","author":"I VIGAN\u00f2","year":"2025","unstructured":"VIGAN\u00f2 I, Galbiati S, Aragona E, Gabellini D, Lattanzio R, Pedon V, Basile G, Arrigo A, Bandello F, Zerbini G (2025) Diabetes-driven retinal neurodegeneration: its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Biomedicines. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines13061328","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1246_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8695","volume":"53","author":"B Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie B, Jiao Q, Cheng Y, Zhong Y, Shen X (2012) Effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor on glutamate uptake in retinal Muller cells under high-glucose conditions. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 53:1023\u20131032","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"1246_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-026-08195-x","author":"L Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li K, Gao F, Wei J, Chen X, Xu G, Zong Y, Zhang T (2026) AMPAR dysregulation in microglia drives vascular pathology in diabetic retinopathy via the P2X7R\/NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 pathway. J Transl Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-026-08195-x","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"1246_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091342","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou J, Chen B (2023) Retinal cell damage in diabetic retinopathy. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12091342","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1246_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15888","volume":"25","author":"X Zhuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhuang X, Ma J, Xu S, Sun Z, Zhang R, Zhang M, Xu G (2021) SHP-1 suppresses endotoxin-induced uveitis by inhibiting the TAK1\/JNK pathway. J Cell Mol Med 25:147\u2013160","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"}],"container-title":["In Vitro Cellular &amp; Developmental Biology - Animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:42:22Z","timestamp":1789742542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["1246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11626-026-01246-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-2690","1543-706X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-2690","type":"print"},{"value":"1543-706X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhonghong Boyuan Biotech Company\u00a0(approval number: 20200414) on April 14, 2020.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}