{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:25:45Z","timestamp":1784381145653,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chin. J. Integr. Med."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:37:13Z","timestamp":1765805833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Targeting Gut Immune Dysregulation: Therapeutic Potential of Huangqin Decoction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Xiao-ling","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3855_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002485","volume":"119","author":"S Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang S, Murphy M, Malter L. A review of available medical therapies to treat moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2024;119:55\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3855_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.003","volume":"165","author":"JD Lewis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lewis JD, Parlett LE, Jonsson Funk ML, et al. Incidence, prevalence, and racial and ethnic distribution of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States. Gastroenterology 2023;165:1197\u20131205.e2.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3855_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04174","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04174","volume":"13","author":"ZM Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang ZM, Lin ZL, He BX, et al. Epidemiological analysis reveals a surge in inflammatory bowel disease among children and adolescents: a global, regional, and national perspective from 1990 to 2019\u2014insights from the China study. J Glob Health 2023;13:04174.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"3855_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329963","volume":"73","author":"F Rieder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, et al. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024;73:854\u2013866.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"3855_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2023-001225","volume":"11","author":"CP Selinger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Selinger CP, Rosiou K, Lenti MV. Biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: cyclical rather than lifelong treatment? BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024;11: e001225.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3855_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad203","volume":"18","author":"C Kapizioni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kapizioni C, Desoki R, Lam D, et al. Biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: real-world comparative effectiveness and impact of drug sequencing in 13 222 patients within the UK IBD BioResource. J Crohns Colitis 2024;18:790\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"3855_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.001","volume":"167","author":"S Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh S, Loftus EV, Jr., Limketkai BN, et al. AGA living clinical practice guideline on pharmacological management of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2024;167:1307\u20131343.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3855_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2022.10.021","volume":"46","author":"MR Davis Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis Gonz\u00e1lez MR, Ballester MP, Romero-Gonz\u00e1lez E, et al. Biological treatment interruption in inflammatory bowel disease: motivation and predictive factors. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023;46:671\u2013681.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3855_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113886","volume":"271","author":"MY Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li MY, Li MX, Xu N, et al. Effects of Huangqin Decoction on ulcerative colitis by targeting estrogen receptor alpha and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction based on system pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;271:113886.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154052","volume":"100","author":"MX Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li MX, Li MY, Lei JX, et al. Huangqin Decoction ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis: role of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism, mTOR pathway and intestinal epithelial barrier. Phytomedicine 2022;100:154052.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3855_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2023.106870","volume":"159","author":"X Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu X, Liu W, He M, et al. Comparison of the molecular mechanisms of Fuzi Lizhong Pill and Huangqin Decoction in the treatment of the cold and heat syndromes of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology. Comput Biol Med 2023;159:106870.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"3855_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116430","volume":"311","author":"MY Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li MY, Wu YZ, Qiu JG, et al. Huangqin Decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by regulating fatty acid metabolism to mediate macrophage polarization via activating FFAR4-AMPK-PPAR\u03b1 pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2023;311:116430.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2070220","volume":"60","author":"X Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo X, Tang K, Deng L, et al. Prevention of ulcerative colitis by Huangqin Decoction: reducing the intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis rate through the IFN-\u03b3\/JAK\/ETS signalling pathway. Pharm Biol 2022;60:1116\u20131125.","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"3855_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00838-0","volume":"23","author":"G Di Conza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Conza G, Ho PC, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, et al. Control of immune cell function by the unfolded protein response. Nat Rev Immunol 2023;23:546\u2013562.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.014","volume":"57","author":"SL Carroll","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carroll SL, Pasare C, Barton GM. Control of adaptive immunity by pattern recognition receptors. Immunity 2024;57:632\u2013648.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3855_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4","volume":"16","author":"YR Na","year":"2019","unstructured":"Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, et al. Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;16:531\u2013543.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3855_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2018.07.001","volume":"342","author":"JL Guerriero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guerriero JL. Macrophages: their untold story in T cell activation and function. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2019;342:73\u201393.","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"3855_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.07.007","volume":"54","author":"K Mulder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mulder K, Patel AA, Kong WT, et al. Cross-tissue single-cell landscape of human monocytes and macrophages in health and disease. Immunity 2021;54:1883\u20131900.e5.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3855_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2023.01.003","volume":"253","author":"AA Filardy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Filardy AA, Ferreira JRM, Rezende RM, et al. The intestinal microenvironment shapes macrophage and dendritic cell identity and function. Immunol Lett 2023;253:41\u201353.","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"3855_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6481","volume":"368","author":"NJ Bessman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bessman NJ, Mathieu JRR, Renassia C, et al. Dendritic cell-derived hepcidin sequesters iron from the microbiota to promote mucosal healing. Science 2020;368:186\u2013189.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"3855_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13059","volume":"157","author":"QP Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen QP, Deng TZ, Witherden DA, et al. Origins of CD4+ circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cells. Immunology 2019;157:3\u201312.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"3855_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00911-8","volume":"24","author":"KM Ashby","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashby KM, Hogquist KA. A guide to thymic selection of T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2024;24:103\u2013117.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2250218","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250218","volume":"53","author":"CE Zielinski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zielinski CE. T helper cell subsets: diversification of the field. Eur J Immunol 2023;53:e2250218.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.016","volume":"41","author":"S Kawamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawamoto S, Maruya M, Kato LM, et al. Foxp3+ T cells regulate immunoglobulin a selection and facilitate diversification of bacterial species responsible for immune homeostasis. Immunity 2014;41:152\u2013165.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3855_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabb4432","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abb4432","volume":"5","author":"BS Boland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boland BS, He Z, Tsai MS, et al. Heterogeneity and clonal relationships of adaptive immune cells in ulcerative colitis revealed by single-cell analyses. Sci Immunol 2020;5:eabb4432.","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","volume":"178","author":"JC Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin JC, Chang C, Boschetti G, et al. Single-cell analysis of Crohn\u2019s disease lesions identifies a pathogenic cellular module associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy. Cell 2019;178:1493\u20131508.e20.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3855_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220538","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220538","volume":"220","author":"JF Scheid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Scheid JF, Eraslan B, Hudak A, et al. Remodeling of colon plasma cell repertoire within ulcerative colitis patients. J Exp Med 2023;220: e20220538.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"3855_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0b013e3182a69dca","volume":"20","author":"EC Steinbach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steinbach EC, Plevy SE. The role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the initiation of inflammation in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014;20:166\u2013175.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"3855_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18501","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18501","volume":"28","author":"R Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu R, Du W, Yang Q, et al. ITGB2 related to immune cell infiltration as a potential therapeutic target of inflammatory bowel disease using bioinformatics and functional research. J Cell Mol Med 2024;28:e18501.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"3855_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izab029","volume":"27","author":"S Dharmasiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dharmasiri S, Garrido-Martin EM, Harris RJ, et al. Human intestinal macrophages are involved in the pathology of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021;27:1641\u20131652.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"3855_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021526","volume":"24","author":"A Saez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, et al. Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease: innate immune system. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:1526.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3855_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf017","volume":"31","author":"P Wils","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wils P, Habibi Kavashkohie MR, S\u00e9los Guerra F, et al. Single-cell transcriptomic profile of innate cell populations in mesenteric lymph nodes of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2025;31:1649\u20131663.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"3855_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-021-3343-4","volume":"28","author":"LM Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu LM, Li H, Xia JQ, et al. Huangqin Decoction attenuates DSS-induced mucosal damage and promotes epithelial repair via inhibiting TNF-\u03b1-induced NF-\u03baB activation. Chin J Integr Med 2022;28:124\u2013129.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"3855_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115763","volume":"237","author":"X Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang X, Cui Y, Feng B. The chemical constituents and metabolite profiles of Huangqin Decoction in normal and ulcerative colitis rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF\/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024;237:115763.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"3855_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.911","volume":"26","author":"F Zuo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zuo F, Zhou ZM, Zhang Q, et al. Pharmacokinetic study on the multi-constituents of Huangqin-Tang decoction in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2003;26:911\u2013919.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"3855_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24031954","volume":"24","author":"JY Jang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jang JY, Im E, Kim ND. Therapeutic potential of bioactive components from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24:1954.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"3855_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2020.04.22","volume":"8","author":"X Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu X, Chen D, Wang L, et al. Wogonoside inhibits inflammatory cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage by suppressing the activation of the JNK\/c-Jun signaling pathway. Ann Transl Med 2020;8:532.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"3855_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.03.030","volume":"35","author":"W Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu W, Jin Z, Yu J, et al. Baicalin ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease through polarization of macrophages to an M2 phenotype. Int Immunopharmacol 2016;35:119\u2013126.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01466","volume":"10","author":"S Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang S, Deng X, Lei L, et al. The comparative study of the therapeutic effects and mechanism of baicalin, baicalein, and their combination on ulcerative colitis rat. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:1466.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110917","volume":"133","author":"H Liao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liao H, Ye J, Gao L, et al. The main bioactive compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. for alleviation of inflammatory cytokines: a comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021;133:110917.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3855_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0335-4","volume":"41","author":"Q Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Q, Zuo R, Wang K, et al. Oroxindin inhibits macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via suppressing TXNIP-dependent NF-\u03baB pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020;41:771\u2013781.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"3855_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0179-2","volume":"37","author":"MJ Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang MJ, Ko GS, Oh DG, et al. Role of metabolism by intestinal microbiota in pharmacokinetics of oral baicalin. Arch Pharm Res 2014;37:371\u2013378.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"key":"3855_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21030337","volume":"21","author":"K Noh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noh K, Kang Y, Nepal MR, et al. Role of intestinal microbiota in baicalin-induced drug interaction and its pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016;21:337.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"3855_CR44","first-page":"399","volume":"12","author":"ZQ Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang ZQ, Liu AW, Zhuang L, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetics of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin in plasma after oral administration of pure baicalin, radix scutellariae and scutellariae-paeoniae couple extracts in normal and ulcerative colitis rats. Iran J Pharm Res 2013;12:399\u2013409.","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"3855_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107224","volume":"90","author":"X Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo X, Wang X, Huang S, et al. Paeoniflorin ameliorates experimental colitis by inhibiting gram-positive bacteria-dependent MDP-NOD2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021;90:107224.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00722-6","volume":"28","author":"K Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng K, Jia J, Yan S, et al. Paeoniflorin ameliorates ulcerative colitis by modulating the dendritic cell-mediated TH17\/Treg balance. Inflammopharmacology 2020;28:1705\u20131716.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"3855_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118865","volume":"337","author":"H Cao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cao H, Liu H, Dai X, et al. Qingchang suppository ameliorates mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis by inhibiting the differentiation and effector functions of Th1 and Th17 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2025;337:118865.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.07.047","volume":"159","author":"JY Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang JY, Jie Z, Mathews A, et al. Intestinal epithelial TBK1 prevents differentiation of T-helper 17 cells and tumorigenesis in mice. Gastroenterology 2020;159:1793\u20131806.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3855_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.043","volume":"164","author":"M Tkach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tkach M, Th\u00e9ry C. Communication by extracellular vesicles: where we are and where we need to go. Cell 2016;164:1226\u20131232.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3855_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13045","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13045","volume":"7","author":"L Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang L, Shen Y, Guo D, et al. EpCAM-dependent extracellular vesicles from intestinal epithelial cells maintain intestinal tract immune balance. Nat Commun 2016;7:13045.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3855_CR51","first-page":"1771","volume":"42","author":"L Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang L, Yang Y, Yang F, et al. Functions of EpCAM in physiological processes and diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018;42:1771\u20131785.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"3855_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac199","volume":"29","author":"H Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao H, Diao J, Liu H, et al. The pathogenicity and synergistic action of Th1 and Th17 cells in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023;29:818\u2013829.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"3855_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.05.059","volume":"669","author":"T Chalalai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chalalai T, Kamiyama N, Saechue B, et al. TRAF6 signaling in dendritic cells plays protective role against infectious colitis by limiting C. rodentium infection through the induction of Th1 and Th17 responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023;669:103\u2013112.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"3855_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054472","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1054472","volume":"13","author":"J Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park J, Son MJ, Ho CC, et al. Transcriptional inhibition of STAT1 functions in the nucleus alleviates Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022;13:1054472.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.017","volume":"50","author":"M Friedrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Friedrich M, Pohin M, Powrie F. Cytokine networks in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunity 2019;50:992\u20131006.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3855_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04151-3","volume":"12","author":"JA Woznicki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woznicki JA, Saini N, Flood P, et al. TNF-\u03b1 synergises with IFN-\u03b3 to induce caspase-8-JAK1\/2-STAT1-dependent death of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2021;12:864.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"3855_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.12.984","volume":"142","author":"JS Alfen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alfen JS, Larghi P, Facciotti F, et al. Intestinal IFN-\u03b3-producing type 1 regulatory T cells coexpress CCR5 and programmed cell death protein 1 and downregulate IL-10 in the inflamed guts of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018;142:1537\u20131547.e8.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy051","volume":"12","author":"G Nizzoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nizzoli G, Burrello C, Cribi\u00f9 FM, et al. Pathogenicity of in vivo generated intestinal Th17 Lymphocytes is IFN\u03b3 dependent. J Crohns Colitis 2018;12:981\u2013992.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"3855_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106306","volume":"82","author":"M Mashimo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mashimo M, Fujii T, Ono S, et al. Minireview: divergent roles of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on antigen-presenting cells and CD4+ T cells in the regulation of T cell differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020;82:106306.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"3855_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.12.010","volume":"54","author":"B Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu B, Zhang S, Guo Z, et al. The TGF-\u03b2 superfamily cytokine activin-A is induced during autoimmune neuroinflammation and drives pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation. Immunity 2021;54:308\u2013323.e6.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"3855_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2018.03.002","volume":"63","author":"K Matusiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matusiewicz K, Iwa\u0144czak B, Matusiewicz M. Th9 lymphocytes and functions of interleukin 9 with the focus on IBD pathology. Adv Med Sci 2018;63:278\u2013284.","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"3855_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","volume":"576","author":"S Hang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hang S, Paik D, Yao L, et al. Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation. Nature 2019;576:143\u2013148.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3855_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6715978","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6715978","volume":"2023","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou J, Lu N, Lv X, et al. Role of Huangqin Decoction in intestinal homeostasis and colon carcinogenesis based on \u201cSREBP1 cholesterol metabolism Treg cell differentiation\u201d. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2023;2023:6715978.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"3855_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03980-8","volume":"12","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Liu X, Li G. Integrated bioinformatics and network pharmacology to identify the therapeutic target and molecular mechanisms of Huangqin Decoction on ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2022;12:159.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3855_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155416","volume":"126","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Miao C, Wang Z, et al. Preparation and characterisation of baicalin magnesium and its protective effect in ulcerative colitis via gut microbiota\u2013bile acid axis modulation. Phytomedicine 2024;126:155416.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3855_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.155039","volume":"120","author":"X Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia X, Zhang Y, Zhu L, et al. Liquiritin apioside alleviates colonic inflammation and accompanying depression-like symptoms in colitis by gut metabolites and the balance of Th17\/Treg. Phytomedicine 2023;120:155039.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"3855_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.007","volume":"151","author":"JK Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan JK, Macia L, Mackay CR. Dietary fiber and SCFAs in the regulation of mucosal immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023;151:361\u2013370.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"3855_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz046","volume":"25","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen L, Sun M, Wu W, et al. Microbiota metabolite butyrate differentially regulates Th1 and Th17 cells\u2019 differentiation and function in induction of colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019;25:1450\u20131461.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"}],"container-title":["Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:02:44Z","timestamp":1765807364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["3855"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11655-025-3855-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-0415","1993-0402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-0415","type":"print"},{"value":"1993-0402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}