{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:10:04Z","timestamp":1790161804746,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chin. J. Integr. Med."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:34:20Z","timestamp":1775039660000},"page":"911-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanistic Topology of Notopterygium incisum Essential Oil against Rheumatoid Arthritis: Machine Learning-Guided CASP1 Screening and Nanoemulsion Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yuan-hang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-ting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-quan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-hui","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-qiao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"4241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01525-8","volume":"402","author":"A Di Matteo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di Matteo A, Bathon JM, Emery P. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 2023;402:2019\u20132033.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4241_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61704-9","volume":"386","author":"JA Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh JA, Cameron C, Noorbaloochi S, Cullis T, Tucker M, Christensen R, et al. Risk of serious infection in biological treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2015;386:258\u2013265.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4241_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117838","volume":"325","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. J Ethnopharmacol 2024;325:117838.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102336","volume":"106","author":"XY Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu XY, Li KT, Yang HX, Yang B, Lu X, Zhao LD, et al. Complement C1q synergizes with PTX3 in promoting NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation and pyroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2020;106:102336.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"4241_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112041","volume":"133","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma X, Yang Y, Li H, Luo Z, Wang Q, Yao X, et al. Periplogenin inhibits pyroptosis of fibroblastic synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis through the NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024;133:112041.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156101","volume":"162","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Jia X, Yang Z, Liu R. Association of caspase-1 gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis risk in a Chinese Han population. Cytokine 2023;162:156101.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"4241_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121655","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1121655","volume":"14","author":"H Kou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kou H, Huang L, Jin M, He Q, Zhang R, Ma J. Effect of curcumin on rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1121655.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4241_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang Z, Zheng R, Chen P, Li L. Phytochemistry and biological profile of the Chinese endemic herb genus Notopterygium. Molecules 2024;29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29143252"},{"key":"4241_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.03.022","volume":"202","author":"JT Azietaku","year":"2017","unstructured":"Azietaku JT, Ma H, Yu XA, Li J, Oppong MB, Cao J, et al. A review of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Notopterygium incisum. J Ethnopharmacol 2017;202:241\u2013255.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR10","first-page":"926","volume":"16","author":"JP Bi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bi JP, Li P, Xu XX, Wang T, Li F. Anti-rheumatoid arthritic effect of volatile components in Notopterygium incisum in rats via anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Chin J Nat Med 2018;16:926\u2013935.","journal-title":"Chin J Nat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"4241_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-03834-y","volume":"9","author":"S Azadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azadi S, Osanloo M, Zarenezhad E, Farjam M, Jalali A, Ghanbariasad A. Nano-scaled emulsion and nanogel containing Mentha pulegium essential oil: cytotoxicity on human melanoma cells and effects on apoptosis regulator genes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023;9;23:6.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"key":"4241_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0286","volume":"321","author":"KD Mandl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mandl KD, Manrai AK. Potential excessive testing at scale: biomarkers, genomics, and machine learning. JAMA 2019;321:739\u2013740.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4241_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-023-00815-4","volume":"23","author":"Y Tabana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tabana Y, Babu D, Fahlman R, Siraki AG, Barakat K. Target identification of small molecules: an overview of the current applications in drug discovery. BMC Biotechnol 2023;23:44.","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"4241_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046410","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1046410","volume":"13","author":"Y Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai Y, Lin P, Lin F, Chen M, Lin C, Lin X, et al. Identification of immune microenvironment subtypes and signature genes for Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis and risk prediction based on explainable machine learning. Front Immunol 2022;13:1046410.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4241_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2174\/1872210514666200604145755","volume":"14","author":"P Pandey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pandey P, Gulati N, Makhija M, Purohit D, Dureja H. Nanoemulsion: a novel drug delivery approach for enhancement of bioavailability. Recent Patents Nanotechnol 2020;14:276\u2013293.","journal-title":"Recent Patents Nanotechnol"},{"key":"4241_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156332","volume":"136","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Yang H, Wang F, Dai Y, Deng Y, Shi K, et al. Bioinformatics identification based on causal association inference using multi-omics reveals the underlying mechanism of Gui-Zhi-Shao-Yao-Zhi-Mu Decoction in modulating rheumatoid arthritis. Phytomedicine 2025;136:156332.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"4241_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1187","volume":"52","author":"LY Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang LY, Lee MZ, Wu Y, Lee WK, Ma CL, Chang JM, et al. Gene set correlation enrichment analysis for interpreting and annotating gene expression profiles. Nucleic Acids Res 2024;52:e17.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4241_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.052","volume":"183","author":"DR Camidge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camidge DR, Schenk EL. Blood-based biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy benefit in lung cancer. Cell 2020;183:303\u2013304.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4241_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5545","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa1005","volume":"36","author":"K Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang K, Fu T, Glass LM, Zitnik M, Xiao C, Sun J. DeepPurpose: a deep learning library for drug-target interaction prediction. Bioinformatics 2021;36:5545\u20135547.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4241_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W159","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac394","volume":"50","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yang X, Gan J, Chen S, Xiao ZX, Cao Y. CB-Dock2: improved protein-ligand blind docking by integrating cavity detection, docking and homologous template fitting. Nucleic Acids Res 2022;50:W159\u2013W164.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4241_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9209","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.4c01097","volume":"20","author":"E Frasnetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frasnetti E, Cucchi I, Pavoni S, Frigerio F, Cinquini F, Serapian SA, et al. Integrating molecular dynamics and machine learning algorithms to predict the functional profile of kinase ligands. J Chem Theor Computat 2024;20:9209\u20139229.","journal-title":"J Chem Theor Computat"},{"key":"4241_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101334","volume":"4","author":"Q Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Q, Yao Q, Hu T, Yu J, Jiang K, Wan Y, et al. Dapagliflozin protects against chronic heart failure in mice by inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation, independent of SGLT2. Cell Rep Med 2023;4:101334.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"4241_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41417","volume":"73","author":"KD Deane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deane KD, Holers VM. Rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention: an emerging paradigm shift. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 2021;73:181\u2013193.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ)"},{"key":"4241_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X22500471","volume":"50","author":"D Tie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tie D, Fan Z, Chen D, Chen X, Chen Q, Chen J, et al. Mechanisms of Danggui Buxue Tang on hematopoiesis via multiple targets and multiple components: metabonomics combined with database mining technology. Am J Chin Med 2022;50:1155\u20131171.","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"4241_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-023-01137-4","volume":"63","author":"A Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin A, Lu Y, Xu F, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Huang M, et al. Study on diagnosis of thyroid nodules based on convolutional neural network. Radiologie 2023;63(Suppl 2):64\u201372.","journal-title":"Radiologie"},{"key":"4241_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114368","volume":"279","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen S, Du K, Liang C, Wang S, Owusu Boadi E, et al. Traditional herbal medicine: therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis. J Ethnopharmacol 2021;279:114368.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176175","volume":"961","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Chen Z, Nie D, Zeng X, Zhong M, Liu X, et al. CASP1 is a target for combination therapy in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023;961:176175.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195567","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1195567","volume":"14","author":"P Hui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hui P, Zhou S, Cao C, Zhao W, Zeng L, Rong X. The elucidation of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EMO in rheumatoid arthritis through an integrative approach combining bioinformatics and experimental verification. Front Pharmacol 2023;14:1195567.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4241_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146852","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.146852","volume":"6","author":"S Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li S, Sun Y, Song M, Song Y, Fang Y, Zhang Q, et al. NLRP3\/caspase-1\/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis exerts a crucial role in astrocyte pathological injury in mouse model of depression. JCI Insight 2021;6:e146852.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"4241_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140968","volume":"304","author":"ES Dragan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dragan ES, Platon IV, Nicolescu A, Dinu MV. Structural, mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of double cross-linked chitosan cryogels as hosts for thymol. Int J Biol Macromol 2025;304(Pt 2):140968.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4241_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2024.106807","volume":"104","author":"L Bai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bai L, Geng S, Zhou Y, Ma H, Liu B. Ultrasound-assisted fabrication and stability evaluation of okra seed protein stabilized nanoemulsion. Ultrasonics Sonochem 2024;104:106807.","journal-title":"Ultrasonics Sonochem"},{"key":"4241_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2018.1486819","volume":"17","author":"J Ram\u00edrez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez J, Ca\u00f1ete JD. Anakinra for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a safety evaluation. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018;17:727\u2013732.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"4241_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13020262","volume":"13","author":"Y Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu Y, Kim BS, Zeng J, Chen Z, Zhu M, Tang Y, et al. Deep learning-based drug compounds discovery for gynecomastia. Biomedicines 2025;13:262.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"}],"container-title":["Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:21:38Z","timestamp":1790158898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["4241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11655-026-4241-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1672-0415","1993-0402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1672-0415","type":"print"},{"value":"1993-0402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}