{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:11:19Z","timestamp":1791267079932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T11:48:58Z","timestamp":1746618538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metacarpal cortical percentage predicts bone density and osteoporotic fracture incidence in inflammatory arthropathy patients: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marina A.","family":"Chimonides","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Donnachie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M. S.","family":"Bodansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela E.","family":"Leventis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1552_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E","volume":"94","author":"Consensus development conference","year":"1993","unstructured":"Consensus development conference (1993) Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 94:646\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90218-E","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1552_CR2","unstructured":"National Osteoporosis Guideline Group UK (2021) Section 2: Introduction to osteoporosis and fragility fractures. https:\/\/www.nogg.org.uk\/full-guideline\/section-2-introduction-osteoporosis-and-fragility-fractures. Accessed 4 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1552_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00871-9","volume":"16","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Norton N, Harvey NC et al (2021) SCOPE 2021: a new scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe. Arch Osteoporos 16:82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-020-00871-9","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1552_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05226-w","volume":"31","author":"T Merlijn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Merlijn T, Swart KMA, Van Der Horst HE et al (2020) Fracture prevention by screening for high fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 31:251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05226-w","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1552_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0016-9","volume":"6","author":"Q Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu D et al (2018) Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies. Bone Res 6:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41413-018-0016-9","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"1552_CR6","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018) Recommendations | Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management | Guidance | NICE. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng100\/chapter\/recommendations. Accessed 4 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1552_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05360-w","volume":"31","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhao R, Gu Z et al (2020) Effects of glucocorticoids on osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 31:1401\u20131409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-020-05360-w","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1552_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.601618","volume":"7","author":"I Llorente","year":"2020","unstructured":"Llorente I, Garc\u00eda-Casta\u00f1eda N, Valero C et al (2020) Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: dangerous liaisons. Front Med 7:601618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2020.601618","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"1552_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richards C, Stevens R, Lix LM, et al (2023) Fracture prediction in rheumatoid arthritis: validation of FRAX with bone mineral density for incident major osteoporotic fractures. Rheumatology kead676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead676","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead676"},{"key":"1552_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101757","volume":"36","author":"KD Wysham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wysham KD, Baker JF, Narla R (2022) Osteoporosis evaluation and treatment recommendations in rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 36:101757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101757","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1552_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5","volume":"19","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A et al (2008) FRAX\u2122 and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int 19:385\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1552_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.015","volume":"48","author":"R Krug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krug R, Burghardt AJ, Majumdar S, Link TM (2010) High-resolution imaging techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis. Radiol Clin North Am 48:601\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.02.015","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"1552_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.715","volume":"305","author":"AV Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz AV (2011) Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 305:2184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2011.715","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1552_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2144","volume":"29","author":"EM Stein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stein EM, Kepley A, Walker M et al (2014) Skeletal structure in postmenopausal women with osteopenia and fractures is characterized by abnormal trabecular plates and cortical thinning. J Bone Miner Res 29:1101\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2144","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1552_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.00795","volume":"98","author":"J Patterson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patterson J, Rungprai C, Den Hartog T et al (2016) Cortical bone thickness of the distal part of the tibia predicts bone mineral density. J Bone Joint Surg 98:751\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.15.00795","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"1552_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.08.018","volume":"22","author":"J Mather","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mather J, MacDermid JC, Faber KJ, Athwal GS (2013) Proximal humerus cortical bone thickness correlates with bone mineral density and can clinically rule out osteoporosis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 22:732\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2012.08.018","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"1552_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2020.27.4.261","volume":"27","author":"B Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel B, Aqil A, Riaz O et al (2020) The 2nd metacarpal cortical index as a simple screening tool for osteopenia. J Bone Metab 27:261\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11005\/jbm.2020.27.4.261","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"1552_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.08.009","volume":"48","author":"H Burton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burton H, Bodansky D, Silver N et al (2023) Assessing bone mineral density using radiographs of the hand: a multicenter validation. The J Hand Surgery 48:1210\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.08.009","journal-title":"The J Hand Surgery"},{"key":"1552_CR19","unstructured":"Harborlight Solutions LLC BoneGauge (Version 1.0.0(2)) [Mobile app]. Accessed: 10 August 2024)"},{"key":"1552_CR20","unstructured":"National Osteoporosis Guideline Group UK (2021) Section 3: Fracture risk assessment and case finding. https:\/\/www.nogg.org.uk\/full-guideline\/section-3-fracture-risk-assessment-and-case-finding. Accessed 4 Jan 2025"},{"key":"1552_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233372142091477","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420914771","volume":"6","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Takada T, Narushima T et al (2020) Correlation between bone density and lumbar compression fractures. Gerontol Geriatric Med 6:2333721420914771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333721420914771","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatric Med"},{"key":"1552_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050304","volume":"20","author":"O Johnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A et al (2005) Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20:1185\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.050304","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1552_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.001","volume":"42","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H et al (2008) A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 42:467\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.001","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1552_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-024-00867-1","volume":"22","author":"IAG Brandt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brandt IAG, Starup-Linde J, Andersen SS, Viggers R (2024) Diagnosing osteoporosis in diabetes\u2014a systematic review on BMD and fractures. Curr Osteoporos Rep 22:223\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-024-00867-1","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"1552_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.10.001","volume":"34","author":"SCE Schuit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schuit SCE, Van Der Klift M, Weel AEAM et al (2004) Fracture incidence and association with bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Rotterdam Study. Bone 34:195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2003.10.001","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1552_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-018-0062-7","volume":"4","author":"P Choksi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choksi P, Jepsen KJ, Clines GA (2018) The challenges of diagnosing osteoporosis and the limitations of currently available tools. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol 4:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40842-018-0062-7","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1552_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08761-5","volume":"359","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kanis JA (2002) Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. The Lancet 359:1929\u20131936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08761-5","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"1552_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610045632","volume":"77","author":"M Haara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haara M, Heli\u00f6vaara M, Impivaara O et al (2006) Low metacarpal index predicts hip fracture: a prospective population study of 3,561 subjects with 15 years of follow-up. Acta Orthop 77:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17453670610045632","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"1552_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.08.003","volume":"50","author":"D Aeberli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aeberli D, Fankhauser N, Zebaze R et al (2020) Effect of rheumatoid arthritis and age on metacarpal bone shaft geometry and density: a longitudinal pQCT study in postmenopausal women. Semin Arthritis Rheum 50:220\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.08.003","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1552_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Germosen C, Rosillo I, et al (2024) Fractures in women with type 2 diabetes are associated with marked deficits in cortical parameters and trabecular plates. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research zjae091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae091","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae091"},{"key":"1552_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.02.011","volume":"86","author":"J K\u00e4lvesten","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00e4lvesten J, Lui L-Y, Brismar T, Cummings S (2016) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry in the study of osteoporotic fractures: comparison to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and FRAX. Bone 86:30\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2016.02.011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1552_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.1","volume":"17","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M et al (2002) Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res 17:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.1.1","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1552_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92483-0","volume":"294","author":"AN Exton-Smith","year":"1969","unstructured":"Exton-Smith AN, Millard PH, Payne Erica PR, Wheeler F (1969) Pattern of development and loss of bone with age. The Lancet 294:1154\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92483-0","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"1552_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:4:4:299","volume":"4","author":"L Hyldstrup","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hyldstrup L, Nielsen SP (2001) Metacarpal index by digital X-ray radiogrammetry. J Clin Densitom 4:299\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/JCD:4:4:299","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1552_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20612","volume":"63","author":"L Dirven","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dirven L, G\u00fcler-Y\u00fcksel M, De Beus WM et al (2011) Changes in hand bone mineral density and the association with the level of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: bone mineral density measurements in a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Arthritis Care Res 63:1691\u20131699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20612","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"1552_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20172","volume":"62","author":"JT Sharp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharp JT, Tsuji W, Ory P et al (2010) Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 62:537\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20172","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"1552_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05435-8","volume":"31","author":"MA Clynes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clynes MA, Westbury LD, Dennison EM et al (2020) Bone densitometry worldwide: a global survey by the ISCD and IOF. Osteoporos Int 31:1779\u20131786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-020-05435-8","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Archives of Osteoporosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T21:17:45Z","timestamp":1766524665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01552-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells, NHS Trust research and ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"59"}}