{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T04:00:08Z","timestamp":1793073608865,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020072","name":"Lallemand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004489","name":"Mitacs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004489","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Summary<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies using rodent models have demonstrated the ability for probiotics to attenuate estrogen-related bone loss, but findings in humans are limited. Postmenopausal women consuming a novel combination of bacteria strains as a probiotic supplement demonstrated no changes in bone health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study determined if a probiotic supplement could attenuate the loss of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and assessed its effect on fracture risk and markers of bone cell activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-two postmenopausal women (40\u201359\u00a0years) were randomized to a daily probiotic supplement or placebo for 48\u00a0weeks. Femoral neck BMD was assessed at weeks 0 and 48 using DXA along with fracture risk using the FRAX\u00ae assessment tool. Serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), and osteocalcin (OC) were analyzed at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 48.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant time by treatment interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) for femoral neck BMD or fracture risk. Independent of treatment, femoral neck BMD decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034), while risk of hip (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and major osteoporotic fracture (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) increased. There was no mean difference in bone marker levels between groups from baseline to endpoint. These findings align with the lack of difference in BMD and fracture risk at the end of study.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Probiotics did not alter BMD or fracture risk, as supported by bone cellular activity that was similar to the placebo group by the end of study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T01:43:08Z","timestamp":1753580588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Using probiotic supplementation to support bone health in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, multi-center study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jenalyn L.","family":"Yumol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varuni","family":"Nagulesapillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy E.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1589_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24636","volume":"229","author":"RA Britton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Britton RA, Irwin R, Quach D, Schaefer L, Zhang J, Lee T, Parameswaran N, McCabe LR (2014) Probiotic L. reuteri treatment prevents bone loss in a menopausal ovariectomized mouse model. Journal of Cellular Physiology 229(11):1822\u20131830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.24636","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1589_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13075","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13075","volume":"54","author":"L Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia L, Tu Y, Jia X, Du Q, Zheng X, Yuan Q, Zheng L, Zhou X, Xu X (2021) Probiotics ameliorate alveolar bone loss by regulating gut microbiota. Cell Prolif 54(7):e13075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpr.13075","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"1589_CR3","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization, & World Health Organization (2001) Health and nutritional properties including powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/8b1233c6-f928-4ff0-85e1-78b2e27c6e4e\/content.\u00a0Accessed 12 Oct 2024"},{"key":"1589_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T, Batto J-M, Bertalan M, Borruel N, Casellas F, Fernandez L, Gautier L, Hansen T, Hattori M, Hayashi T, Kleerebezem M, \u2026 Bork P (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature, 473(7346), 174\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09944","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09944"},{"key":"1589_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, Suez J, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, Kotler E, Zur M, Regev-Lehavi D, Brik RB-Z, Federici S, Cohen Y, Linevsky R, Rothschild D, Moor AE, Ben-Moshe S, Harmelin A, Itzkovitz S, Maharshak N, \u2026 Elinav E (2018) Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Cell, 174(6), 1388\u20131405.e21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.041"},{"key":"1589_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101154","volume":"41","author":"LV McFarland","year":"2021","unstructured":"McFarland LV, Karakan T, Karatas A (2021) Strain-specific and outcome-specific efficacy of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine 41:101154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101154","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1589_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706135","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.706135","volume":"12","author":"V Taverniti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taverniti V, Cesari V, Gargari G, Rossi U, Biddau C, Lecchi C, Fiore W, Arioli S, Toschi I, Guglielmetti S (2021) Probiotics modulate mouse gut microbiota and influence intestinal immune and serotonergic gene expression in a site-specific fashion. Front Microbiol 12:706135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.706135","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1589_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.02.001","volume":"8","author":"HY Dar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dar HY, Shukla P, Mishra PK, Anupam R, Mondal RK, Tomar GB, Sharma V, Srivastava RK (2018) Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits bone loss and increases bone heterogeneity in osteoporotic mice via modulating Treg-Th17 cell balance. Bone Rep 8:46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.02.001","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80536-2","volume":"11","author":"L Sapra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sapra L, Dar HY, Bhardwaj A, Pandey A, Kumari S, Azam Z, Upmanyu V, Anwar A, Shukla P, Mishra PK, Saini C, Verma B, Srivastava RK (2021) Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates bone loss and maintains bone health by skewing Treg-Th17 cell balance in OVX mice. Sci Rep 11(1):1807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80536-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1589_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12071914","volume":"12","author":"L-C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang L-C, Lin S-W, Li I-C, Chen Y-P, Tzu S-Y, Chou W, Chen C-C, Lin W-C, Chen Y-L, Lin W-H (2020) Lactobacillus plantarum GKM3 and Lactobacillus paracasei GKS6 supplementation ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation. Nutrients 12(7):1914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12071914","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92368","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092368","volume":"9","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ohlsson C, Engdahl C, F\u00e5k F, Andersson A, Windahl SH, Farman HH, Mov\u00e9rare-Skrtic S, Islander U, Sj\u00f6gren K (2014) Probiotics protect mice from ovariectomy-induced cortical bone loss. PLoS ONE 9(3):e92368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092368","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E591","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00412.2020","volume":"320","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ohlsson C, Lawenius L, Andersson A, Gustafsson K, Wu J, Lagerquist M, Mov\u00e9rare-Skrtic S, Islander U, Sj\u00f6gren K (2021) Mild stimulatory effect of a probiotic mix on bone mass when treatment is initiated 1.5 weeks after ovariectomy in mice. Am J Phys Endocrinol Metabol 320(3):E591\u2013E597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.00412.2020","journal-title":"Am J Phys Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1589_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI86062","volume":"126","author":"J-Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J-Y, Chassaing B, Tyagi AM, Vaccaro C, Luo T, Adams J, Darby TM, Weitzmann MN, Mulle JG, Gewirtz AT, Jones RM, Pacifici R (2016) Sex steroid deficiency\u2013associated bone loss is microbiota dependent and prevented by probiotics. J Clin Investig 126(6):2049\u20132063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI86062","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1589_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S169223","volume":"13","author":"M Parvaneh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parvaneh M, Karimi G, Jamaluddin R, Ng AMH, Ibrahim Z, Muhammad SI (2018) Lactobacillus helveticus (ATCC 27558) upregulates Runx2 and Bmp2 and modulates bone mineral density in ovariectomy-induced bone loss rats. Clin Interv Aging 13:1555\u20131564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S169223","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1589_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1051\/dst\/2009012","volume":"89","author":"MC Kruger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kruger MC, Fear A, Chua W-H, Plimmer GG, Schollum LM (2009) The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on mineral absorption and bone health in growing male and ovariectomized female rats. Dairy Sci Technol 89(3\u20134):219\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/dst\/2009012","journal-title":"Dairy Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1589_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9443-6","volume":"11","author":"N Montazeri-Najafabady","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montazeri-Najafabady N, Ghasemi Y, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Talezadeh P, Koohpeyma F, Gholami A (2019) Supportive role of probiotic strains in protecting rats from ovariectomy-induced cortical bone loss. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 11(4):1145\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12602-018-9443-6","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"1589_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yumol JL, Gittings W, De Souza RJ, Ward WE (2024) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of probiotics on bone outcomes in rodent models. J Bone Miner Res zjae187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae187","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae187"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12805","volume":"284","author":"AG Nilsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nilsson AG, Sundh D, B\u00e4ckhed F, Lorentzon M (2018) Lactobacillus reuteri reduces bone loss in older women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial. J Intern Med 284(3):307\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.12805","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30068-2","volume":"1","author":"P-A Jansson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansson P-A, Curiac D, Lazou Ahr\u00e9n I, Hansson F, Martinsson Niskanen T, Sj\u00f6gren K, Ohlsson C (2019) Probiotic treatment using a mix of three Lactobacillus strains for lumbar spine bone loss in postmenopausal women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet Rheumatol 1(3):e154\u2013e162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30068-2","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1589_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2017.1318724","volume":"36","author":"S Jafarnejad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jafarnejad S, Djafarian K, Fazeli MR, Yekaninejad MS, Rostamian A, Keshavarz SA (2017) Effects of a multispecies probiotic supplement on bone health in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. J Am Coll Nutr 36(7):497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2017.1318724","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.4.1.89","volume":"4","author":"SL Bonnick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bonnick SL (2008) Monitoring changes in bone density. Women\u2019s Health 4(1):89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/17455057.4.1.89","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-45","volume":"2","author":"K Heinemann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heinemann K, Ruebig A, Potthoff P, Schneider HP, Strelow F, Heinemann LA, Thai DM (2004) The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scale: a methodological review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2(1):45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7525-2-45","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"9321","key":"1589_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08761-5","volume":"359","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kanis JA (2002) Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet 359(9321):1929\u20131936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08761-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1589_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.373","volume":"44","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgstr\u00f6m F, Str\u00f6m O, McCloskey E (2009) FRAX\u00ae and its applications to clinical practice. Bone 44(5):734\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.373","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000989","volume":"25","author":"HR Banack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banack HR, Wactawski-Wende J, Hovey KM, Stokes A (2018) Is BMI a valid measure of obesity in postmenopausal women? Menopause 25(3):307\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GME.0000000000000989","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"10","key":"1589_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040710","volume":"19","author":"R Recker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Recker R, Lappe J, Davies KM, Heaney R (2004) Bone remodeling increases substantially in the years after menopause and remains increased in older osteoporosis patients. J Bone Miner Res 19(10):1628\u20131633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.040710","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1589_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.016","volume":"111","author":"F Gossiel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gossiel F, Altaher H, Reid DM, Roux C, Felsenberg D, Gl\u00fcer C-C, Eastell R (2018) Bone turnover markers after the menopause: T-score approach. Bone 111:44\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.016","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"1589_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-4113","volume":"98","author":"MR Sowers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sowers MR, Zheng H, Greendale GA, Neer RM, Cauley JA, Ellis J, Johnson S, Finkelstein JS (2013) Changes in bone resorption across the menopause transition: effects of reproductive hormones, body size, and ethnicity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(7):2854\u20132863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-4113","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.074","volume":"71","author":"JE Adams","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adams JE (2009) Quantitative computed tomography. Eur J Radiol 71(3):415\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2009.04.074","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1589_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1876","volume":"93","author":"JS Finkelstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Finkelstein JS, Brockwell SE, Mehta V, Greendale GA, Sowers MR, Ettinger B, Lo JC, Johnston JM, Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Neer RM (2008) Bone mineral density changes during the menopause transition in a multiethnic cohort of women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(3):861\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2007-1876","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32776-1","volume":"13","author":"Y Bao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bao Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Wu Q (2023) Racial and ethnic difference in the risk of fractures in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 13(1):9481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-32776-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"20","key":"1589_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.20.2389","volume":"298","author":"J Robbins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robbins J, Aragaki AK, Kooperberg C, Watts N, Wactawski-Wende J, Jackson RD, LeBoff MS, Lewis CE, Chen Z, Stefanick ML, Cauley J (2007) Factors associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA 298(20):2389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.298.20.2389","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"1589_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4648-9","volume":"29","author":"Y Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wu Q (2018) Decreasing trend of bone mineral density in US multiethnic population: analysis of continuous NHANES 2005\u20132014. Osteoporos Int 29(11):2437\u20132446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-018-4648-9","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090706","volume":"25","author":"AC Looker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Looker AC, Melton LJ, Harris TB, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA (2010) Prevalence and trends in low femur bone density among older US adults: NHANES 2005\u20132006 compared with NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res 25(1):64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.090706","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1589_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460050044829","volume":"27","author":"DR Taaffe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taaffe DR, Villa ML, Holloway L, Marcus R (2000) Bone mineral density in older non-Hispanic Caucasian and Mexican-American women: relationship to lean and fat mass. Ann Hum Biol 27(4):331\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03014460050044829","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg024","volume":"32","author":"DJ Morton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Schneider DL (2003) Bone mineral density in postmenopausal Caucasian, Filipina, and Hispanic women. Int J Epidemiol 32(1):150\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyg024","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1589_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1693-z","volume":"23","author":"AC Looker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Looker AC, Melton LJ, Borrud LG, Shepherd JA (2012) Lumbar spine bone mineral density in US adults: demographic patterns and relationship with femur neck skeletal status. Osteoporos Int 23(4):1351\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-011-1693-z","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1589_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae048","volume":"39","author":"S-AM Burnett-Bowie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burnett-Bowie S-AM, Wright NC, Yu EW, Langsetmo L, Yearwood GMH, Crandall CJ, Leslie WD, Cauley JA (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. J Bone Miner Res 39(5):517\u2013530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae048","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1589_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Lorentzon M, Liu E, Schini M, Abrahamsen B, Adachi JD, Alokail M, Borgstrom F, Bruy\u00e8re O, Carey JJ, Clark P, Cooper C, Curtis EM, Dennison EM, D\u00edaz-Curiel M, Dimai HP, Grigorie D, Hiligsmann M, \u2026 Jiwa F (2024) Race-specific FRAX models are evidence-based and support equitable care: a response to the ASBMR Task Force report on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk. Osteoporosis International, 35(9), 1487\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-024-07162-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-024-07162-w"},{"key":"1589_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01162","volume":"8","author":"VK Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta VK, Paul S, Dutta C (2017) Geography, ethnicity or subsistence-specific variations in human microbiome composition and diversity. Front Microbiol 8:1162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01162","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1589_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-01004-6","volume":"16","author":"KL Holloway-Kew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holloway-Kew KL, Betson AG, Anderson KB, Gaston J, Kotowicz MA, Liao W-H, Henneberg M, Pasco JA (2021) Association between bone measures and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Arch Osteoporos 16(1):137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-021-01004-6","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"issue":"4","key":"1589_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-01004-9","volume":"111","author":"KL Holloway-Kew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holloway-Kew KL, Betson AG, Anderson KB, Sepetavc F, Gaston J, Kotowicz MA, Liao W-H, Henneberg M, Pasco JA (2022) Fracture risk and use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers. Calcif Tissue Int 111(4):396\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-022-01004-9","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"1589_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0285-4","volume":"32","author":"SK Kunutsor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kunutsor SK, Blom AW, Whitehouse MR, Kehoe PG, Laukkanen JA (2017) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and risk of fractures: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 32(11):947\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0285-4","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"1589_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3042","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003042","volume":"95","author":"Z Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li Y, Zhou F, Piao Z, Hao J (2016) Effects of statins on bone mineral density and fracture risk: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 95(22):e3042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003042","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Archives of Osteoporosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T21:17:42Z","timestamp":1766524662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1589"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-025-01589-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"SB and VN are employed by Lallemand Health Solutions Inc., a company that researches, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells probiotics to business clients but not directly to consumers. RB is a consultant paid by Lallemand Health Solutions Inc. Funding was provided by LHS and a Mitacs Accelerate Award to JLY, under the supervision of WEW.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"103"}}