{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T21:22:34Z","timestamp":1766524954576,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Summary<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hip fracture data were retrieved from the Iraqi government\u2019s Ministry of Health and the Kurdistan region\u2019s Ministry of Health for the years 2022\u20132023 and used to create a FRAX\u00ae model to facilitate fracture risk assessment. Hip fracture rates and probabilities were compared with estimates from neighboring countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are no published data on the epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in Iraq. This paper describes the epidemiology of femoral fractures in Iraq and the development of the corresponding country-specific FRAX\u00ae tool for the prediction of fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Femoral fracture data (ICD-10 S72) were retrieved from the Iraqi government\u2019s Ministry of Health and the Kurdistan region\u2019s Ministry of Health for the years 2022\u20132023 in Iraq. The age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fracture in Iraqi residents and national mortality rates were used to create a FRAX\u00ae model. Fracture probabilities were compared with those from neighboring countries having existing FRAX models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fracture rates were low and comparable to those in neighboring countries, with hip fracture rates closest to estimates from Saudi Arabia at older ages. Ten-year fracture probabilities were lower in males than in females and were comparable to those in neighboring countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FRAX model should enhance the accuracy of determining fracture probability among the Iraqi population and help guide treatment decisions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-025-01631-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T08:01:09Z","timestamp":1764144069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of hip fracture in Iraq and development of a country-specific FRAX model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdulbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nizar A.","family":"Jassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasir H.","family":"Motlaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Ismael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waleed Arif Tawfeeq","family":"Al Ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chra Kawa M.","family":"Nafai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Abdulrahman","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha Ahmed","family":"Qaradaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah Jaafar","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas Mahdi","family":"Rahmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa Hussein","family":"Alameri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fareed","family":"Alsudany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaid W.","family":"Al-Shahwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq Jassim","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohannad Khalil Ahmed","family":"AbuKhumrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adra Abdul Ruda","family":"Kadum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asal","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwan Z.","family":"Yahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Lorentzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"McCloskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Kanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1631_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-016-0278-z","volume":"11","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, Johansson H, Od\u00e9n A, McCloskey EV, the Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (2016) A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX. 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Ismael, Waleed Arif Tawfeeq Al Ani, Chra Kawa M.Nafai, Ali Abdulrahman Younis, Taha Ahmed Qaradaghi, Farah Jaafar Mahdi, Abbas Mahdi Rahmah, Alaa Hussein Alameri, Fareed Alsudany, Zaid W Al-Shahwani, Tariq Jassim Mohammed, Mohannad Khalil Ahmed Abu Khumrah, Adra Abdul Ruda Kadum, Asal Adnan, Marwan Z Yahya, Nicholas C Harvey, Mattias Lorentzon, and Helena Johansson declare that they have no conflict of interest concerning this paper. E McCloskey and JA Kanis are directors of Osteoporosis Research Ltd, which maintains FRAX.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}