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This underscores the need for targeted preventive strategies for osteoporosis and sarcopenia that address socioeconomic-related disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of chronic diseases follows a social gradient, although this is unclear in musculoskeletal conditions. This study aims to examine the association between social disadvantage and diagnostic measures of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A single-centre, cross-sectional study was conducted in adults (\u2265\u200950 years) residing in the metropolitan region of Melbourne, Australia. Data on socio-demographic variables were collected via self-reported questionnaires. Social disadvantage variables included education, income, employment status, health care card ownership, and area-level socioeconomic status. Outcomes of interest were bone mineral density (BMD), appendicular lean body mass (ALM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), hand grip strength, lower limb strength, and physical performance (gait speed; short physical performance battery; leg power). Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse associations between social disadvantage and outcome measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 300 participants were recruited (mean age: 66.8 years; 61.7% female). Post-secondary education was associated with higher BMD (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.29; 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.58), ALM\/h\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.29; 95% CI: 0.08\u20130.51), handgrip strength (\u03b2\u2009=\u20092.25; 95% CI: 0.57\u20134.52), gait speed (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.08; 95% CI: 0.01\u20130.15), and leg power (\u03b2\u2009=\u200941.7; 95% CI: 11.3\u201371.9). Positive associations in these outcomes were also correlated with higher income and not having a health care card. Employment status and area-level socioeconomic status showed limited associations with most outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that social disadvantage is associated with poorer bone, muscle, and physical function in older adults. Targeted interventions that address socioeconomic-related disparities may support effective prevention of osteoporosis and sarcopenia\u00a0later in life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-026-01661-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T10:03:58Z","timestamp":1769940238000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bone, muscle, and physical function measures in older adults according to levels of social disadvantage: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Talevski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Brennan-Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Vogrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mizhgan","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1661_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collaborators GBoD (2015) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 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