{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T20:00:22Z","timestamp":1773691222035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008702","name":"Kagoshima University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Summary<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated how walking speed affects survival in patients with clinical osteoporotic vertebral fractures. A walking speed below 0.71\u00a0m\/sec was associated with increased mortality. Walking speed may serve as a simple yet powerful prognostic indicator, highlighting the importance of mobility preservation in fracture management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of patients with fractures caused by osteoporosis has increased with the increasing proportion of aging adults in recent years. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are associated with poor prognosis. Although several reports on the life expectancy of patients with OVFs exist, it is unclear how walking speed affects the life expectancy of patients with clinical OVFs. This study investigated the relationship between walking speed and life expectancy after injury in patients with clinical OVFs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 104 patients with new clinical OVFs were conservatively treated with a trunk cast from 2015 to 2017. Lumbar spine and femur bone mineral density (BMD), the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), walking speed, and spinopelvic parameters were measured. We compared the deceased and survival groups and examined the risk factors influencing survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 104 patients included in the study, 67 were women; the median age was 82\u00a0years, and the median observation period was 1168\u00a0days. Thirty-two patients died during the observation period. The deceased group had a lower GNRI and a slower walking speed at discharge. In addition, imaging revealed more local kyphosis and more calcification of vessels in the deceased group. The risk of death increased when the walking speed after the OVF was less than 0.71\u00a0m\/sec.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A walking speed of 0.71\u00a0m\/sec or slower was associated with poor prognosis after clinical vertebral fracture. Nutritional management, kyphotic deformity prevention, and walking speed maintenance are essential for vertebral fracture treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T19:38:10Z","timestamp":1773689890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced walking speed at discharge predicts mortality after clinical osteoporotic vertebral fracture: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Uezono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1686_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silverman SL, Minshall ME, Shen W, Harper KD, Xie S, Health-Related Quality of Life Subgroup of the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation Study (2001) The relationship of health-related quality of life to prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation study. Arthritis Rheum 44:2611-2619","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2611::AID-ART441>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"1686_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-011-0052-1","volume":"6","author":"S Imagama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Imagama S, Hasegawa Y, Matsuyama Y, Sakai Y, Ito Z, Hamajima N, Ishiguro N (2011) Influence of sagittal balance and physical ability associated with exercise on quality of life in middle-aged and elderly people. Arch Osteoporos 6:13\u201320","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1686_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09075-8","volume":"353","author":"JR Center","year":"1999","unstructured":"Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA (1999) Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 353:878\u2013882","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1686_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02137.x","volume":"57","author":"KE Ensrud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Cawthon PM et al (2009) A comparison of frailty indexes for the prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and mortality in older men. J Am Geriatr Soc 57:492\u2013498","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1686_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1490-4","volume":"15","author":"O Johnell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Petterson C, De Laet C, Jonsson B (2004) Mortality after osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 15:38\u201342","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1923","volume":"305","author":"S Studenski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K et al (2011) Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA 305:50\u201358","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1686_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2020.08.009","volume":"28","author":"H Master","year":"2020","unstructured":"Master H, Neogi T, Callahan LF et al (2020) The association between walking speed from short- and standard-distance tests with the risk of all-cause mortality among adults with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from three large United States cohort studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 28:1551\u20131558","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"1686_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2024.2390302","volume":"42","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xu L, Xu Y, Chen T, Zhu G, Chen Y (2024) Dose-response association between walking speed and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Sports Sci 42:1313\u20131322","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"1686_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13739","volume":"16","author":"F Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang F, Wang H, Bai Y, Huang L, Zhong Y, Li Y (2025) Gait speed and all-cause mortality in whole-spectrum chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis included 6217 participants. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 16:e13739","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1686_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3818-x","volume":"28","author":"H Lundin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lundin H, Saaf M, Strender LE, Nyren S, Johansson SE, Salminen H (2017) Gait speed and one-leg standing time each add to the predictive ability of FRAX. Osteoporos Int 28:179\u2013187","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR11","volume":"4","author":"Y Imai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Imai Y, Hasegawa K (1994) The revised Hasegawa\u2019s dementia scale (HDS-R)-evaluation of its usefulness as a screening test for dementia. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 4:20","journal-title":"East Asian Arch Psychiatry"},{"key":"1686_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000107592","volume":"24","author":"JW Jeong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeong JW, Kim KW, Lee DY et al (2007) A normative study of the revised Hasegawa dementia scale: comparison of demographic influences between the revised Hasegawa dementia scale and the mini-mental Status examination. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24:288\u2013293","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"1686_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182432823","volume":"37","author":"T Matsumoto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsumoto T, Hoshino M, Tsujio T et al (2012) Prognostic factors for reduction of activities of daily living following osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37:1115\u20131121","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"1686_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80852-7","volume":"11","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Sun J, Wang G (2021) Lumbar lordosis morphology correlates to pelvic incidence and erector spinae muscularity. Sci Rep 11:802","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1686_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)00106-8","volume":"132","author":"LI Kauppila","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kauppila LI, Polak JF, Cupples LA, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PW (1997) New indices to classify location, severity and progression of calcific lesions in the abdominal aorta: a 25-year follow-up study. Atherosclerosis 132:245\u2013250","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"1686_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.12.017","volume":"49","author":"S Okuno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okuno S, Ishimura E, Kitatani K et al (2007) Presence of abdominal aortic calcification is significantly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 49:417\u2013425","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"1686_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.762370","volume":"9","author":"L Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang L, Cheng H, Zou X et al (2021) Prevalence and correlates of cardiovascular calcification and its prognostic effects among patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the C-STRIDE study. Front Public Health 9:762370","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1686_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-003-0665-3","volume":"8","author":"T Kanchiku","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Kawai S (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and new classification of the osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J Orthop Sci 8:463\u2013466","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"1686_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198410000-00008","volume":"189","author":"F Denis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Denis F (1984) Spinal instability as defined by the three-column spine concept in acute spinal trauma. Clin Orthop Relat Res 189:65\u201376","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1686_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-06264-z","volume":"33","author":"H Iida","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iida H, Sakai Y, Seki T, Watanabe T, Wakao N, Matsui H, Imagama S (2022) Bisphosphonate treatment is associated with decreased mortality rates in patients after osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 33:1147\u20131154","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-009-1411-2","volume":"15","author":"A Harada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harada A, Matsuyama Y, Nakano T, Deguchi M, Kuratsu S, Sueyoshi Y, Yonezawa Y, Wakao N, Machida M, Ito M (2010) Nationwide survey of current medical practices for hospitalized elderly with spine fractures in Japan. J Orthop Sci 15:79\u201385","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"1686_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002913","volume":"95","author":"DP Fields","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fields DP, Varga G, Alattar A, Shanahan R, Das A, Hamilton DK, Okonkwo DO, Kanter AS, Forsythe RM, Weiner DK (2024) Preinjury frailty predicts 1-year mortality in older adults with traumatic spine fractures. Neurosurgery 95:676\u2013681","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1686_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.8725","volume":"173","author":"BJ McCullough","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCullough BJ, Comstock BA, Deyo RA, Kreuter W, Jarvik JG (2013) Major medical outcomes with spinal augmentation vs conservative therapy. JAMA Intern Med 173:1514\u20131521","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1686_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0292-x","volume":"18","author":"C Bouza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouza C, Lopez T, Palma M, Amate JM (2007) Hospitalised osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Spain: analysis of the national hospital discharge registry. Osteoporos Int 18:649\u2013657","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2264-7","volume":"24","author":"M Maravic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maravic M, Taupin P, Roux C (2013) Hospital burden of vertebral fractures in France: influence of vertebroplasty. Osteoporos Int 24:2001\u20132006","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103567","volume":"13","author":"M Fusaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fusaro M, Tripepi G, Plebani M et al (2021) The vessels-bone axis: Iliac artery calcifications, vertebral fractures and vitamin K from VIKI study. Nutrients 13:3567","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1686_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu123","volume":"70","author":"RH Coker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coker RH, Hays NP, Williams RH, Wolfe RR, Evans WJ (2015) Bed rest promotes reductions in walking speed, functional parameters, and aerobic fitness in older, healthy adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 70:91\u201396","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"1686_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3184-0","volume":"26","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Tanaka S, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T (2015) Factors affecting changes in the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a 3-year follow-up of the ROAD study. Osteoporos Int 26:2597\u20132605","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4702-2","volume":"25","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Okamoto M, Hatsushikano S, Shimoda H, Ono M, Watanabe K (2016) Normative values of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment, balance, age, and health-related quality of life in a cohort of healthy adult subjects. Eur Spine J 25:3675\u20133686","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1686_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0952-5","volume":"13","author":"B Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhao CP, Song LX, Zhu L (2018) Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 13:264","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"1686_CR31","first-page":"109","volume":"7","author":"UG Longo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Longo UG, Loppini M, Denaro L, Brandi ML, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2010) The effectiveness and safety of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. A double blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 7:109\u2013113","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab"},{"key":"1686_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr048","volume":"102","author":"UG Longo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Longo UG, Loppini M, Denaro L, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2012) Osteoporotic vertebral fractures: current concepts of conservative care. Br Med Bull 102:171\u2013189","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"1686_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B2.26894","volume":"94","author":"UG Longo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Longo UG, Loppini M, Denaro L, Maffulli N, Denaro V (2012) Conservative management of patients with an osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94:152\u2013157","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1686_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.1416","volume":"331","author":"CS Colon-Emeric","year":"2024","unstructured":"Colon-Emeric CS, McDermott CL, Lee DS, Berry SD (2024) Risk assessment and prevention of falls in older community-dwelling adults: a review. JAMA 331:1397\u20131406","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1686_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169","volume":"48","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al (2019) Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48:16\u201331","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1686_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0496-2","volume":"17","author":"L Lorenzo-Lopez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lorenzo-Lopez L, Maseda A, de Labra C, Regueiro-Folgueira L, Rodriguez-Villamil JL, Millan-Calenti JC (2017) Nutritional determinants of frailty in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 17:108","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1686_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00739-1","volume":"30","author":"M Sinaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sinaki M, Itoi E, Wahner HW, Wollan P, Gelzcer R, Mullan BP, Collins DA, Hodgson SF (2002) Stronger back muscles reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures: a prospective 10 year follow-up of postmenopausal women. Bone 30:836\u2013841","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1686_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0398-9","volume":"18","author":"M Hongo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hongo M, Itoi E, Sinaki M, Miyakoshi N, Shimada Y, Maekawa S, Okada K, Mizutani Y (2007) Effect of low-intensity back exercise on quality of life and back extensor strength in patients with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int 18:1389\u20131395","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1686_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-019-01072-2","volume":"38","author":"EI Sen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sen EI, Esmaeilzadeh S, Eskiyurt N (2020) Effects of whole-body vibration and high impact exercises on the bone metabolism and functional mobility in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 38:392\u2013404","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"}],"container-title":["Archives of Osteoporosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T19:38:12Z","timestamp":1773689892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01686-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The IRB of Izumi Regional Medical Center approved this study (approval number 20190115\u20131).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This research received no specific grant from any public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding agency. Hiroyuki Tominaga, Shinobu Uezono, Ichiro Kawamura, Yoshitaka Yamashita, and Noboru Taniguchi declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"51"}}