{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:19:08Z","timestamp":1783091948265,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["299831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["299831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["628582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["628582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Alfred Deakin Postdoctural Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Alfred Deakin Postdoctural Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:italic>Summary<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reports the incidence rate of vertebral fractures (6.78 fractures per 1000 person-years) in a representative cohort of Australian women and identifies advanced age, prior low trauma fracture, a history of falls and an increase in bone turnover as potential key predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess prevalence and incidence rates of objectively identified vertebral fracture in a representative cohort of Australian women and explore associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serial lateral vertebral assessments (Lunar Prodigy) were performed in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (median interval duration 6.86\u00a0years;\u00a0interquartile range: 6.13\u20137.32). Prevalent and incident vertebral fractures were defined using Genant semi-quantitative approaches, with rates age-standardised to the 2006 Australian population in alignment with the period of data collection. Demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors were collected via a combination of in-person assessment and questionnaires, and logistic regression was used to investigate relationships between these factors and fracture outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, 1013 women (ages 20\u201393 years) were measured and 23 individuals were identified with a prevalent vertebral fracture; 701 women were assessed at follow-up, 19 of whom experienced an incident vertebral fracture. The age-adjusted prevalence at baseline was 2.0% (1.3\u20132.8), and the age-adjusted incidence rate was 6.78 (4.19\u20139.37) fractures per 1000 person-years. Prior fracture (OR 6.70, 95% CI 2.55\u201317.64), lower lumbar spine bone mineral density (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00\u20130.13) and limited physical function (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.47\u20139.83) were independently associated with prevalent fracture. In contrast, increased age (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.17), prior fracture (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.15\u201310.76), a history of falls (OR 3.55, 95% CI 1.29\u20139.79) and increased markers of bone formation (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.04) were associated with incident fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reports the incidence rate of vertebral fractures in a representative cohort of Australian women and identifies advanced age, prior low trauma fracture, a history of falls and increased bone turnover as potential key predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:31:21Z","timestamp":1783089081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence of vertebral fracture in a cohort of Australian women: data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kara B.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia G.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Pasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Kotowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara L.","family":"Holloway-Kew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-3909-3","volume":"28","author":"G Ballane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballane G, Cauley JA, Luckey MM, El-Hajj Fuleihan G (2017) Worldwide prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 28:1531\u20131542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-017-3909-3","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0053-y","volume":"97","author":"JA Pasco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Lane SE, Brennan-Olsen SL et al (2015) The epidemiology of incident fracture from cradle to senescence. Calcif Tissue Int 97:568\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-015-0053-y","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041214","volume":"20","author":"PD Delmas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Delmas PD, Van Langerijt L, De WNB et al (2005) Underdiagnosis of vertebral fractures is a worldwide problem: the IMPACT study. J Bone Miner Res 20:557\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/JBMR.041214","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00298496","volume":"51","author":"C Cooper","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Kotowicz M et al (1992) Secular trends in the incidence of postmenopausal vertebral fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 51:100\u2013104.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00298496","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1732_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2713","volume":"31","author":"JT Schousboe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schousboe JT, Vo T, Taylor BC et al (2016) Prediction of incident major osteoporotic and hip fractures by trabecular bone score (TBS) and prevalent radiographic vertebral fracture in older men. J Bone Miner Res 31:690\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2713","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090503","volume":"9","author":"MA Kotowicz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ, Cooper C et al (1994) Risk of hip fracture in women with vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Res 9:599\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650090503","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.3.320","volume":"285","author":"R Lindsay","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lindsay R, Silverman SL, Cooper C et al (2001) Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. JAMA 285(3):320\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.285.3.320","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050218","volume":"10","author":"LJ Melton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Melton LJ, Atkinson EJ, Cooper C et al (1999) Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures. Osteoporos Int 10:214\u2013221.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001980050218","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0123-0","volume":"17","author":"Z Ito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ito Z, Harada A, Matsui Y et al (2006) Can you diagnose for vertebral fracture correctly by plain X-ray? Osteoporos Int 17:1584\u20131591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-006-0123-0","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060814","volume":"6","author":"DM Black","year":"1991","unstructured":"Black DM, Cummings SR, Stone K et al (1991) A new approach to defining normal vertebral dimensions. J Bone Miner Res 6:883\u2013892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650060814","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650060302","volume":"6","author":"R Eastell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Eastell R, Cedel SL, Wahner HW et al (1991) Classification of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 6:207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650060302","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100610","volume":"10","author":"DM Black","year":"1995","unstructured":"Black DM, Palermo L, Nevitt MC et al (1995) Comparison of methods for defining prevalent vertebral deformities: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 10:890\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650100610","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-002-1348-1","author":"HK Genant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Genant HK, Jergas M (2003) Assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis research. Osteoporos Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-002-1348-1","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21905","volume":"65","author":"DS Domiciano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domiciano DS, Figueiredo CP, Lopes JB et al (2013) Vertebral fracture assessment by dual X-ray absorptiometry: a valid tool to detect vertebral fractures in community-dwelling older adults in a population-based survey. Arthritis Care Research (Hoboken) 65:809\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.21905","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Research (Hoboken)"},{"key":"1732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070902","volume":"23","author":"L Ferrar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ferrar L, Jiang G, Clowes JA et al (2008) Comparison of densitometric and radiographic vertebral fracture assessment using the algorithm-based qualitative (ABQ) method in postmenopausal women at low and high risk of fracture. J Bone Miner Res 23:103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.070902","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:3:3:261","volume":"3","author":"MJ Henry","year":"2000","unstructured":"Henry MJ, Pasco JA, Nicholson GC et al (2000) Prevalence of osteoporosis in Australian women: geelong osteoporosis study. J Clin Densitom 3:261\u2013268.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/JCD:3:3:261","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"1732_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0211-1","volume":"18","author":"SJ Gallacher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gallacher SJ, Gallagher AP, McQuillian C et al (2007) The prevalence of vertebral fracture amongst patients presenting with non-vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 18:185\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-006-0211-1","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.12.007","volume":"22","author":"Y Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong Y, Peng R, Kang H et al (2022) Global incidence, prevalence, and disability of vertebral fractures: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Spine Journal 22:857\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.12.007","journal-title":"Spine Journal"},{"key":"1732_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2628-2","volume":"25","author":"E Kanterewicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanterewicz E, Puigoriol E, Garc\u00eda-Barrionuevo J et al (2014) Prevalence of vertebral fractures and minor vertebral deformities evaluated by DXA-assisted vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) in a population-based study of postmenopausal women: the FRODOS study. Osteoporos Int 25:1455\u20131464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-014-2628-2","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-01029-0","volume":"112","author":"S De Smet","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Smet S, Banica T, Zmierczak HG et al (2023) Prevalence of vertebral fractures and non-fracture deformities in healthy adult men: the importance of morphologic criteria. Calcif Tissue Int 112:24\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-022-01029-0","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"1732_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1999.tb00684.x","volume":"29","author":"JA Pasco","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Henry MJ, Gaudry TM et al (1999) Identification of incident fractures: the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Aust N Z J Med 29:203\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1999.tb00684.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"1732_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050222","volume":"10","author":"KM Sanders","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sanders KM, Seeman E, Ugoni AM et al (1999) Age- and gender-specific rate of fractures in Australia: a population-based study. Osteoporos Int 10:240\u2013247.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001980050222","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3222","volume":"33","author":"BC Lentle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lentle BC, Berger C, Probyn L et al (2018) Comparative analysis of the radiology of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in women and men: cross-sectional and longitudinal observations from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). J Bone Miner Res 33:569\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3222","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2008.00475.x","volume":"8","author":"S Jitapunkul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jitapunkul S, Thamarpirat J, Chaiwanichsiri D, Boonhong J (2008) Incidence of vertebral fractures in Thai women and men: a prospective population-based study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 8:251\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2008.00475.x","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.6.1051","volume":"17","author":"M Van Der Klift","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Der Klift M, De Laet CEDH, McCloskey EV et al (2002) The incidence of vertebral fractures in men and women: the Rotterdam study. J Bone Miner Res 17:1051\u20131056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.6.1051","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.8.1547","volume":"18","author":"S Fujiwara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fujiwara S, Kasagi F, Masunari N et al (2003) Fracture prediction from bone mineral density in Japanese men and women. J Bone Miner Res 18:1547\u20131553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.8.1547","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr148","volume":"41","author":"JA Pasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Nicholson GC, Kotowicz MA (2012) Cohort profile: Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Int J Epidemiol 41:1565\u20131575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyr148","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemioly"},{"key":"1732_CR28","unstructured":"Giles G, Ireland P, Cou TC (1996) Dietary questionnaire for epidemiological studies (Version 2). Melbourne: The Cancer Council Victoria"},{"key":"1732_CR29","unstructured":"National Health Medical Research Council (2020) Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol. Canberra: Commonwealth ofAustralia. Accessed from: https:\/\/www.nhmrc.gov.au\/about-us\/publications\/australian-guidelines-reduce-health-risks-drinking-alcohol"},{"key":"1732_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.03.001","volume":"72","author":"LJ Williams","year":"2012","unstructured":"Williams LJ, Pasco JA, Jacka FN et al (2012) Pain and the relationship with mood and anxiety disorders and psychological symptoms. J Psychosom Res 72:452\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.03.001","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1732_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.235","volume":"26","author":"CM Nielson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nielson CM, Marshall LM, Adams AL et al (2011) BMI and fracture risk in older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study ( MrOS ). J Bone Miner Res 26:496\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.235","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1732_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-011-0059-y","volume":"9","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA (2011) The role of falls in fracture prediction. Curr Osteoporos Rep 9:116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-011-0059-y","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"1732_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2897-9","volume":"26","author":"KL Holloway","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holloway KL, Brennan SL, Kotowicz MA et al (2014) Prior fracture as a risk factor for future fracture in an Australian cohort. Osteoporos Int 26:629\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-014-2897-9","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1732_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0744-6","volume":"20","author":"JA Pasco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pasco JA, Henry MJ, Korn S et al (2009) Morphometric vertebral fractures of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, physical function and quality of life in men. Osteoporos Int 20:787\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-008-0744-6","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Archives of Osteoporosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:31:31Z","timestamp":1783089091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01732-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Barwon Health Human Research Ethics Committee (project 92\/01). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"99"}}