{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:36:53Z","timestamp":1793133413760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Osteoporos"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:52:24Z","timestamp":1785927144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Weight-bearing exercise intensity and physiotherapy outcomes in older Nigerian women with osteoporosis: a multicenter a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2882-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uchenna Cosmas","family":"Ugwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agatha Nneka","family":"Obayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olive Oluchukwu","family":"Ilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian Chibunine","family":"Ugwueze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osmond Chukwuemeka","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1753_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ et al (2022) The clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 33(10):2049\u20132102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y. Erratum in: Osteoporos Int. 2022;33(10):2243. 10.1007\/s00198\u2013022\u201306479\u20138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05900-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"1753_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101754","volume":"36","author":"EM Curtis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Curtis EM, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Harvey NC (2022) Osteoporosis in 2022: care gaps to screening and personalised medicine. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 36(3):101754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2022.101754","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1753_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.04.018","volume":"52","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Cao F, Liang D, Pan M, Lu WW, Lyu H et al (2025) Mechanical effects in aging of the musculoskeletal system: molecular signaling and spatial scale alterations. J Orthop Transl 52:464\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2025.04.018","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"issue":"2","key":"1753_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2024.0124-1","volume":"16","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Li Y, Yang GY, Jin K (2024) Age-related dysfunction in balance: a comprehensive review of causes, consequences, and interventions. Aging Dis 16(2):714\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14336\/AD.2024.0124-1","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1753_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2025.101197","volume":"29","author":"RK Alaiti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alaiti RK, Reis FJJ, Arruda-Sanchez T, Caneiro JP, Meulders A (2025) Unraveling the role of fear and avoidance behavior in chronic musculoskeletal pain: from theory to physical therapy clinical practice. Braz J Phys Ther 29(3):101197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2025.101197","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1753_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051736","volume":"12","author":"N Pearson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pearson N, Griffiths P, van Sluijs E, Atkin AJ, Khunti K, Sherar LB (2022) Associations between socioeconomic position and young people\u2019s physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the UK: a scoping review. BMJ Open 12(5):e051736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051736","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"1753_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzad081","volume":"103","author":"S Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma S, Verhagen A, Elkins M, Brism\u00e9e JM, Fulk GD, Taradaj J et al (2023) Research from low-income and middle-income countries will benefit global health and the physiotherapy profession, but it requires support. Phys Ther 103(9):pzad081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/pzad081","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"1753_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423620000663","volume":"22","author":"MY Charumbira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Charumbira MY, Berner K, Louw QA (2021) Health system challenges affecting falls prevention in persons living with HIV: perspectives from physiotherapists in four sub-Saharan regions. Prim Health Care Res Dev 22:e41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423620000663","journal-title":"Prim Health Care Res Dev"},{"key":"1753_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-020-00177-w","volume":"12","author":"A Taulaniemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taulaniemi A, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 M, Rinne M, Tokola K, Parkkari J, Suni JH (2020) Fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with exercise adherence: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial among female healthcare workers with recurrent low back pain. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 12:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-020-00177-w","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1753_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0606-2","volume":"19","author":"BK Weeks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weeks BK, Beck BR (2008) The BPAQ: a bone-specific physical activity assessment instrument. Osteoporos Int 19(11):1567\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-008-0606-2","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1753_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2005898","volume":"9","author":"M Hagstr\u00f6mer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6mer M, Oja P, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M (2006) The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity. Public Health Nutr 9(6):755\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2005898","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1753_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453","volume":"35","author":"CL Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35(8):1381\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1753_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181884419","volume":"19","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2008) STROBE Initiative (2008) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Epidemiology 19(6):800\u2013804","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"1753_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-025-03928-4","volume":"25","author":"UC Ugwu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ugwu UC, Ene OC (2025) Status of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in rural communities of Southeast Nigeria: a cross\u2011sectional study. BMC Womens Health 25:366","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"1753_CR15","volume-title":"Research methods in education","author":"L Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen L, Manion L, Morrison K (2011) Research methods in education, 7th ed. Routledge, London","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"1753_CR16","unstructured":"International Business Machine Corporation (2021) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp"},{"issue":"20","key":"1753_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Medical Association (2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310(20):2191\u20132194","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"1753_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12232394","volume":"12","author":"YJ Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong YJ, Meng Q, Su CH (2024) Mechanism-driven strategies for reducing fall risk in the elderly: a multidisciplinary review of exercise interventions. Healthcare (Basel) 12(23):2394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare12232394","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1753_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082595","volume":"9","author":"GF Papalia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papalia GF, Papalia R, Diaz Balzani LA, Torre G, Zampogna B, Vasta S et al (2020) The effects of physical exercise on balance and prevention of falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med 9(8):2595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9082595","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1753_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2024.101750","volume":"20","author":"AE Smit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smit AE, Meijer OC, Winter EM (2024) The multi-faceted nature of age-associated osteoporosis. Bone Rep 20:101750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bonr.2024.101750","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1753_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24684","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024684","volume":"100","author":"B Sheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheng B, Li X, Nussler AK, Zhu S (2021) The relationship between healthy lifestyles and bone health: a narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 100(8):e24684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000024684","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1753_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251403890","author":"AK Miranda-Vicente","year":"2026","unstructured":"Miranda-Vicente AK, Zevallos-Villanueva NK, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ahumada AC, Bernabe-Ortiz A (2026) Socioeconomic status and physical activity levels: analysis of the Young Lives cohort study in Peru. Public Health Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549251403890","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"1753_CR23","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2024 Sep 25) Advancing research on chronic conditions in women. In: Batulan Z, Bhimla A, Higginbotham EJ, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). Chapter 7, Chronic conditions in women and the structural and social determinants of health. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK607726\/"},{"key":"1753_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174550572514078","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057251407854","volume":"21","author":"K Nowell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nowell K, Dlugonski D, DeFranco E, May L, Hawk GS, Hoch JM (2025) Relationship between social determinants of health, health-related quality of life, health perceptions, and physical activity during pregnancy. Womens Health (Lond) 21:17455057251407854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17455057251407854","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"key":"1753_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1194889","volume":"14","author":"M N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Lisboa","year":"2023","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Lisboa M, Valero-Breton M, Dewolf AH (2023) Unraveling age-related impairment of the neuromuscular system: exploring biomechanical and neurophysiological perspectives. Front Physiol 14:1194889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1194889","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1753_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252010932","volume":"25","author":"T Gustafsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gustafsson T, Ulfhake B (2024) Aging skeletal muscles: what are the mechanisms of age-related loss of strength and muscle mass, and can we impede its development and progression? Int J Mol Sci 25(20):10932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252010932","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1753_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.34644","volume":"15","author":"S Manaye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manaye S, Cheran K, Murthy C, Bornemann EA, Kamma HK, Alabbas M et al (2023) The role of high-intensity and high-impact exercises in improving bone health in postmenopausal women: a systematic review. Cureus 15(2):e34644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.34644","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1753_CR28","unstructured":"International Osteoporosis Foundation (2025 Sep 8) New research highlights critical role of movement in lifelong bone health [Internet]. Nyon (Switzerland): International Osteoporosis Foundation [cited 2026 Apr 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.osteoporosis.foundation\/news\/new-research-highlights-critical-role-movement-lifelong-bone-health-20250908-1540"},{"key":"1753_CR29","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023 Feb 23) New collaboration targets better bone health and ageing [Internet]. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. [cited 2026 Apr 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/23-02-2023-new-collaboration-targets-better-bone-health-and-ageing"}],"container-title":["Archives of Osteoporosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T10:52:26Z","timestamp":1785927146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-026-01753-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-3514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-3514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The approval for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Nigeria Nsukka [Ethical Approval Reference Number: REC\/FE\/2025\/00023]. This was in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The participants consented to the submission of the original article to the journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Uchenna Cosmas Ugwu declares that he has no conflict of interest.Agatha Nneka Obayi declares that she has no conflict of interest.Olive Oluchukwu Ilo declares that he has no conflict of interest.Fabian Chibunine Ugwueze declares that he has no conflict of interest.Osmond Chukwuemeka Ene declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"113"}}