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Easy applicability, low side-effects and negligible costs facilitated its wide\u2013spread application in efforts to modulate brain function, however neuronal mechanisms of tDCS are insufficiently understood. Hence, we investigated the immediate impact of tDCS on the brain\u2019s glucose consumption in a continuous infusion protocol with the radioligand 2-[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET). This novel functional PET (fPET) method is capable to reliably detect area-specific and dynamic absolute glucose demand related to neuronal activity in a single molecular imaging session. Fifteen healthy subjects underwent tDCS at 0.5, 1 and 2\u00a0mA (mA) at the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, cathodal right) for 10\u00a0min during functional [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG-PET lasting 70\u00a0min. Active stimulation compared to sham did not yield significant changes in glucose consumption at any tested stimulation intensity in this paradigm. Exploratory investigation of aftereffects provided hints for increased glucose consumption with a delay of 5\u00a0min at 1\u00a0mA in the right posterior temporal cortex. This is the first study investigating changes of glucose consumption in the brain during tDCS. The lack of immediately increased glucose consumption indicates that energy demanding processes in the brain such as glutamatergic signaling might not be immediately increased by tDCS. However, our results implicate the need of fPET investigations for medium-term and long-term effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00195-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T01:03:52Z","timestamp":1570669432000},"page":"477-484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Brain glucose uptake during transcranial direct current stimulation measured with functional [18F]FDG-PET"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Sigurdardottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Spurny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wadsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Mitterhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Lanzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"195_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.11.085","volume":"55","author":"A Antal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antal, A., Polania, R., Schmidt-Samoa, C., Dechent, P., & Paulus, W. 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Kasper received grants\/research support, consulting fees and\/or honoraria within the last three years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Schwabe and Servier. R. Lanzenberger received travel grants and\/or conference speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A\/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH. T. W. Wadsak received speaker honoraria from GE Healthcare, research grants from DSD, BSM Diagnostica and ABX and is a part time employee of CBmed GmbH (Graz, Austria). M. Mitterhauser received speaker honoraria from GE Healthcare. C. Kraus has received travel grants from Roche Austria GmbH and AOP Orphan. All honoraria from above mentioned authors were not related to this study. H. Sigurdardottir, B. Spurny, A. Hahn and M. Hacker report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}