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So far, nrTMS has mainly been applied in presurgical language mapping of patients with intracranial neoplasms. For the present study, nrTMS was used for language mapping in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Seven patients (median age: 70 years, 4 males) with the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA) were included in this pilot study. Trains of nrTMS (5\u00a0Hz, 100% resting motor threshold) caused virtual lesions at 46 standardized cortical stimulation targets per hemisphere. Patients\u2019 errors in a naming task during stimulation were counted. The majority of errors induced occurred during frontal lobe stimulation (34.3%). Timing errors and non-responses were most frequent. More errors were induced in the right hemisphere (58%) than in the left hemisphere (42%). Mapping was tolerated by all patients, however, discomfort or pain was reported for stimulation of frontal areas. The elevated right-hemispheric error rate in our study could be due to a partial shift of language function to the right hemisphere in neurodegenerative aphasia during the course of disease and therefore points to the existence of neuronal plasticity in nfvPPA. While this is an interesting finding for neurodegenerative disorders per se, its promotion might also harbor future therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-021-00605-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1640710983000},"page":"1208-1216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as novel mapping technique provides insights into language function in primary progressive aphasia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Felix","family":"Mueller-Sarnowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Sollmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leen","family":"Houri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Grimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro M.","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Diehl-Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anglade, C., Thiel, A., & Ansaldo, A. 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Outside the submitted manuscript TG received consulting fees from Abbvie, Anavex, Biogen, Bracket, Eli Lilly, Functional Neuromodulation, Iqvia\/Quintiles, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, NuiCare, Roche Pharma, Toyama, and Vivoryon; lecture fees from Actelion, B.Braun, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Life Molecular Imaging, Novartis, Parexel, and Roche Pharma; and grants to his institution from Actelion and Novartis. Sandro Krieg is consultant for Ulrich Medical (Ulm, Germany) and received honoraria from Nexstim Plc (Helsinki, Finland), Spineart Deutschland GmbH (Frankfurt, Germany), Medtronic (Meerbusch, Germany) and Carl Zeiss Meditec (Oberkochen, Germany). Sandro Krieg and Sebastian Ille are consultants for Brainlab AG (Munich, Germany). Sebastian Ille and Nico Sollmann received honoraria from Nexstim Plc (Helsinki, Finland).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}