{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:58:55Z","timestamp":1781639935790,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"VA CDA Awards","award":["IK2-CX001600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2-CX001600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R61MH127005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R61MH127005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Imaging and Behavior"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Childhood maltreatment is pervasive \u2013 with an estimated 1 in 4 children experiencing abuse or neglect at some point in their lifetime. Exposure to childhood maltreatment has been associated with detrimental neurodevelopmental changes to brain structure and function in stress-sensitive regions and regions with extended developmental periods. Such regions include the frontoparietal regions (e.g., middle frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), which are vital for cognitive processes, including working memory; however, few studies have investigated how childhood maltreatment impacts the neural substrates implicated in supporting cognitive functioning. The present study investigated the potential influence of childhood maltreatment on neural functioning in adults (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009111; aged 34.53\u2009\u00b1\u20099 years) diagnosed with internalizing disorders, with varied levels of childhood maltreatment severity, who completed a working memory task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-wise activation data were extracted through an a-priori defined mask of regions relevant to working memory to evaluate neural activity during the task. Linear regression analyses revealed that childhood maltreatment severity was negatively associated with left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during the working memory task, controlling for current symptoms of psychopathology. Childhood maltreatment was also associated with poorer working memory task performance. These findings suggest that childhood maltreatment severity is associated with decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex engagement during working memory function in a transdiagnostic sample. These results further the understanding of factors influencing differences in cognitive functioning and, thus, symptom presentation in clinical populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:34:11Z","timestamp":1773120851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association between childhood maltreatment and neural functioning during a working memory task in adults with internalizing disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-2313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan M.","family":"Caudle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan N.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raeanne C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-135X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Bomyea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1120_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004","volume":"31","author":"SL Andersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersen, S. L., & Teicher, M. H. (2008). Stress, sensitive periods and maturational events in adolescent depression. Trends in Neurosciences, 31(4), 183\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004","journal-title":"Trends in Neurosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7","volume":"20","author":"JL Andersson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersson, J. L., Skare, S., & Ashburner, J. (2003). How to correct susceptibility distortions in spin-echo echo-planar images: Application to diffusion tensor imaging. NeuroImage, 20(2), 870\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00336-7","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44184-023-00049-4","volume":"3","author":"F Angulo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Angulo, F., Goger, P., Brent, D. A., Rozenman, M., Gonzalez, A., Schwartz, K. T. G., & Weersing, V. R. (2024). Impact of trauma exposure and depression comorbidity on response to transdiagnostic behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety and depression. NPJ Mental Health Research, 3(1), Article 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44184-023-00049-4","journal-title":"NPJ Mental Health Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.008","volume":"62","author":"RL Aupperle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aupperle, R. L., Melrose, A. J., Stein, M. B., & Paulus, M. P. (2012). Executive function and PTSD: Disengaging from trauma. Neuropharmacology, 62(2), 686\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.02.008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1120_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","volume":"54","author":"BB Avants","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avants, B. B., Tustison, N. J., Song, G., Cook, P. A., Klein, A., & Gee, J. C. (2011). A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration. NeuroImage, 54, 2033\u20132044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22518","volume":"34","author":"NL Balderston","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balderston, N. L., Vytal, K. E., O\u2019Connell, K., Torrisi, S., Letkiewicz, A., Ernst, M., & Grillon, C. (2017). Anxiety patients show reduced working memory related dlPFC activation during safety and threat. Depression and Anxiety, 34(1), 25\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22518","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220174","volume":"180","author":"JR Baldwin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baldwin, J. R., Wang, B., Karwatowska, L., Schoeler, T., Tsaligopoulou, A., Munafo, M. R., & Pingault, J. B. (2023). Childhood maltreatment and mental health problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quasi-experimental studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 180(2), 117\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220174","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.010","volume":"33","author":"MT Banich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Banich, M. T., Mackiewicz, K. L., Depue, B. E., Whitmer, A. J., Miller, G. A., & Heller, W. (2009). Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: A neural perspective with implications for psychopathology. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 33(5), 613\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.09.010","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"1120_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00003","volume":"23","author":"U Basten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basten, U., Stelzel, C., & Fiebach, C. (2011). Trait anxiety modulates the neural efficiency of inhibitory control. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 3132\u20133145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn_a_00003","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"1120_CR10","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Corporation."},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042","volume":"37","author":"Y Behzadi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behzadi, Y., Restom, K., Liau, J., & Liu, T. T. (2007). A component based noise correction method (CompCor) for BOLD and perfusion based fMRI. NeuroImage, 37(1), 90\u2013101.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1120_CR12","volume-title":"Childhood trauma questionnaire : a retrospective self-report : manual","author":"DP Bernstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire\u202f: a retrospective self-report\u202f: manual. Psychological Corporation."},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/s0145-2134(02)00541-0","volume":"27","author":"DP Bernstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Stokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0145-2134(02)00541-0","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"9","key":"1120_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.724","volume":"71","author":"JR Blosnich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blosnich, J. R., Dichter, M. E., Cerulli, C., Batten, S. V., & Bossarte, R. M. (2014). Disparities in adverse childhood experiences among individuals with a history of military service. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(9), 1041\u20131048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.724","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23881","volume":"39","author":"J Bomyea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bomyea, J., Taylor, C. T., Spadoni, A. D., & Simmons, A. N. (2018). Neural mechanisms of interference control in working memory capacity. Human Brain Mapping, 39(2), 772\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.23881","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"1120_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.11.072","volume":"181","author":"J Bomyea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bomyea, J., Caudle, M. M., Bartolovich, A. L., Simmons, A. N., Jak, A. J., & Golshan, S. (2025a). Randomized controlled trial of computerized working memory training for Veterans with PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 181, 350\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.11.072","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"1120_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjmad.2024.100095","author":"J Bomyea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bomyea, J., Caudle, M. M., Dugas, N., Moore, R. C., Simmons, A. N., & Thomas, M. L. (2025b). A randomized controlled trial of computerized cognitive training to improve working memory in individuals with elevated repetitive negative thinking: Behavioral and neural outcomes. Journal of Mood & Anxiety Disorders. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xjmad.2024.100095","journal-title":"Journal of Mood & Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"1120_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP14633","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211015222","volume":"37","author":"MJ Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, M. J., Jiang, Y., Hung, P., Haider, M. R., & Crouch, E. (2022). Disparities by gender and race\/ethnicity in child maltreatment and memory performance. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(15\u201316), NP14633\u2013NP14655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211015222","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"1120_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.955871","volume":"13","author":"EEL Buimer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buimer, E. E. L., Brouwer, R. M., Mandl, R. C. W., Pas, P., Schnack, H. G., & Hulshoff Pol, H. E. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences and fronto-subcortical structures in the developing brain. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, Article 955871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.955871","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"1120_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00401","volume":"9","author":"WJ Chai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chai, W. J., Abd Hamid, A. I., & Abdullah, J. M. (2018). Working memory from the Psychological and Neurosciences perspectives: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.00401","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"1120_CR21","unstructured":"Child maltreatment (2016). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.acf.hhs.gov\/cb\/research-data-technology\/statistics-research\/child-maltreatment"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001444","volume":"29","author":"NL Colich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colich, N. L., Williams, E. S., Ho, T. C., King, L. S., Humphreys, K. L., Price, A. N., & Gotlib, I. H. (2017). The association between early life stress and prefrontal cortex activation during implicit emotion regulation is moderated by sex in early adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 29(5), 1851\u20131864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579417001444","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000139","volume":"27","author":"RA Cowell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cowell, R. A., Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2015). Childhood maltreatment and its effect on neurocognitive functioning: Timing and chronicity matter. Development and Psychopathology, 27(2), 521\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579415000139","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1120_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.07.004","volume":"108","author":"LD Crocker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crocker, L. D., Jurick, S. M., Thomas, K. R., Keller, A. V., Sanderson-Cimino, M., Boyd, B., & Jak, A. J. (2018). Worse baseline executive functioning is associated with dropout and poorer response to trauma-focused treatment for veterans with PTSD and comorbid traumatic brain injury. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 108, 68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2018.07.004","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941400008X","volume":"26","author":"JC Crozier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crozier, J. C., Wang, L., Huettel, S. A., & De Bellis, M. D. (2014). Neural correlates of cognitive and affective processing in maltreated youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms: Does gender matter? Development and Psychopathology, 26(2), 491\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S095457941400008X","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1120_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1525-y","volume":"53","author":"E Curran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Curran, E., Adamson, G., Rosato, M., De Cock, P., & Leavey, G. (2018). Profiles of childhood trauma and psychopathology: US National Epidemiologic Survey. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(11), 1207\u20131219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1525-y","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"1120_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015031","volume":"66","author":"M D'Esposito","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Esposito, M., & Postle, B. R. (2015). The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 115\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015031","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.08.002","volume":"33","author":"AP DePrince","year":"2009","unstructured":"DePrince, A. P., Weinzierl, K. M., & Combs, M. D. (2009). Executive function performance and trauma exposure in a community sample of children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(6), 353\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.08.002","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1120_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1463-0","volume":"53","author":"EA Evans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Evans, E. A., Upchurch, D. M., Simpson, T., Hamilton, A. B., & Hoggatt, K. J. (2018). Differences by Veteran\/civilian status and gender in associations between childhood adversity and alcohol and drug use disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(4), 421\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-017-1463-0","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0","volume":"47","author":"NP Friedman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3180487cc2","volume":"15","author":"BC Frueh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frueh, B. C., Grubaugh, A. L., Acierno, R., Elhai, J. D., Cain, G., & Magruder, K. M. (2007). Age differences in posttraumatic stress disorder, psychiatric disorders, and healthcare service use among veterans in Veterans Affairs primary care clinics. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(8), 660\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3180487cc2","journal-title":"The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"1120_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101322","volume":"64","author":"MI Gerin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gerin, M. I., Viding, E., Herringa, R. J., Russell, J. D., & McCrory, E. J. (2023). A systematic review of childhood maltreatment and resting state functional connectivity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 64, Article 101322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcn.2023.101322","journal-title":"Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"21","key":"1120_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402680101","volume":"101","author":"N Gogtay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gogtay, N., Giedd, N., Lusk, J., Hayashi, L., Greenstein, K. M., Vaituzis, D., & Thompson, C. A., P. M (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101(21), 8174\u20138179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0402680101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00794-6","volume":"46","author":"J Goltermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goltermann, J., Redlich, R., Grotegerd, D., Dohm, K., Leehr, E. J., Bohnlein, J., & Dannlowski, U. (2021). Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning: The role of depression, parental education, and polygenic predisposition. Neuropsychopharmacology\u202f: Official Publication Of The American College Of Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(5), 891\u2013899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-020-00794-6","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication Of The American College Of Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1120_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13016","author":"G Gratton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gratton, G., Cooper, P., Fabiani, M., Carter, C. S., & Karayanidis, F. (2017). Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future. Psychophysiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"1120_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00382","volume":"9","author":"SJ Groves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Groves, S. J., Douglas, K. M., & Porter, R. J. (2018). A systematic review of cognitive predictors of treatment outcome in major depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, Article 382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00382","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1120_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559519835975","volume":"24","author":"ES Hallowell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hallowell, E. S., Oshri, A., Liebel, S. W., Liu, S., Duda, B., Clark, U. S., & Sweet, L. H. (2019). The mediating role of neural activity on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impulsivity. Child Maltreatment, 24(4), 389\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559519835975","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv124","volume":"11","author":"JL Hanson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanson, J. L., Albert, D., Iselin, A. M., Carre, J. M., Dodge, K. A., & Hariri, A. R. (2016). Cumulative stress in childhood is associated with blunted reward-related brain activity in adulthood. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(3), 405\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsv124","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12133","volume":"56","author":"A Hronis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hronis, A., Roberts, L., & Kneebone, I. I. (2017). A review of cognitive impairments in children with intellectual disabilities: Implications for cognitive behaviour therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 189\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12133","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1120_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","volume":"9","author":"S Japee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Japee, S., Holiday, K., Satyshur, M. D., Mukai, I., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2015). A role of right middle frontal gyrus in reorienting of attention: A case study. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 9, Article 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience"},{"key":"1120_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.057","volume":"312","author":"E Kuzminskaite","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kuzminskaite, E., Vinkers, C. H., Milaneschi, Y., Giltay, E. J., & Penninx, B. (2022). Childhood trauma and its impact on depressive and anxiety symptomatology in adulthood: A 6-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 312, 322\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.06.057","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.09.008","volume":"54","author":"K Lehavot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehavot, K., Katon, J. G., Chen, J. A., Fortney, J. C., & Simpson, T. L. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder by gender and veteran status. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(1), e1\u2013e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.09.008","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010020","volume":"177","author":"ETC Lippard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lippard, E. T. C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020). The devastating clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect: Increased disease vulnerability and poor treatment response in mood disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 20\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19010020","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","volume":"46","author":"B Lowe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lowe, B., Decker, O., Muller, S., Brahler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care, 46(3), 266\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x","volume":"76","author":"M Luciana","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luciana, M., Conklin, H. M., Hooper, C. J., & Yarger, R. S. (2005). The development of nonverbal working memory and executive control processes in adolescents. Child Development, 76(3), 697\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00872.x","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"1120_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00004","volume":"10","author":"KM Lukasik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lukasik, K. M., Waris, O., Soveri, A., Lehtonen, M., & Laine, M. (2019). The relationship of anxiety and stress with working memory performance in a large non-depressed sample. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00004","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639","volume":"10","author":"SJ Lupien","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(6), 434\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2639","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"1120_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105791","volume":"132","author":"KS Lynch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynch, K. S., & Widom, C. S. (2022). Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning in middle adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 132, Article 105791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105791","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0557-9","volume":"7","author":"AL Manera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manera, A. L., Dadar, M., Fonov, V., & Collins, D. L. (2020). CerebrA, registration and manual label correction of Mindboggle-101 atlas for MNI-ICBM152 template. Scientific Data, 7(1), Article 237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-020-0557-9","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2015.1061057","volume":"29","author":"M Masson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masson, M., Bussieres, E. L., East-Richard, C., A, R. M., & Cellard, C. (2015). Neuropsychological profile of children, adolescents and adults experiencing maltreatment: A meta-analysis. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 29(5), 573\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2015.1061057","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychologist"},{"key":"1120_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.001","volume":"83","author":"LM McTeague","year":"2016","unstructured":"McTeague, L. M., Goodkind, M. S., & Etkin, A. (2016). Transdiagnostic impairment of cognitive control in mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 83, 37\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.001","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2018.1461617","volume":"23","author":"AR Mercier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mercier, A. R., Masson, M., Bussieres, E. L., & Cellard, C. (2018). Common transdiagnostic cognitive deficits among people with psychiatric disorders exposed to childhood maltreatment: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 23(3), 180\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13546805.2018.1461617","journal-title":"Cognitive Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22368","volume":"32","author":"S Miller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miller, S., McTeague, L. M., Gyurak, A., Patenaude, B., Williams, L. M., Grieve, S. M., Korgaonkar, M. S., & Etkin, A. (2015). Cognition-childhood maltreatment interactions in the prediction of antidepressant outcomes in major depressive disorder patients: Results from the iSpot-D trial. Depress Anxiety, 32(8), 594\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22368","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1120_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.088","volume":"1335","author":"T Minamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Minamoto, T., Osaka, M., & Osaka, N. (2010). Individual differences in working memory capacity and distractor processing: Possible contribution of top-down inhibitory control. Brain Research, 1335, 63\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.088","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_157_18","volume":"22","author":"P Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aca.ACA_157_18","journal-title":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","volume":"41","author":"A Miyake","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex \u201cFrontal Lobe\u201d tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.08.011","volume":"163","author":"KA Moores","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moores, K. A., Clark, C. R., McFarlane, A. C., Brown, G. C., Puce, A., & Taylor, D. J. (2008). Abnormal recruitment of working memory updating networks during maintenance of trauma-neutral information in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 163(2), 156\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.08.011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"1120_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000051","volume":"142","author":"TP Moran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moran, T. P. (2016). Anxiety and working memory capacity: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), 831\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000051","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.205","volume":"41","author":"RA Morey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morey, R. A., Haswell, C. C., Hooper, S. R., & De Bellis, M. D. (2016). Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex volumes differ in maltreated youth with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(3), 791\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2015.205","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x","volume":"53","author":"Y Moussavi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moussavi, Y., Wergeland, G. J., Boe, T., Haugland, B. S. M., Larsen, M., & Lehmann, S. (2022). Internalizing symptoms among youth in foster care: Prevalence and associations with exposure to maltreatment. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 53(2), 375\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01118-x","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry and Human Development"},{"issue":"15","key":"1120_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/15\/025","volume":"56","author":"H Nam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nam, H., Lee, D., Lee, J. D., & Park, H. J. (2011). A method for anisotropic spatial smoothing of functional magnetic resonance images using distance transformation of a structural image. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 56(15), 5063\u20135077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/15\/025","journal-title":"Physics in Medicine & Biology"},{"key":"1120_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020335","author":"V Nanni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nanni, V., Uher, R., & Danese, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment predicts unfavorable course of illness and treatment otcome in depression: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020335","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs007","volume":"23","author":"DE Nee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nee, D. E., Brown, J. W., Askren, M. K., Berman, M. G., Demiralp, E., Krawitz, A., & Jonides, J. (2013). A meta-analysis of executive components of working memory. Cerebral Cortex, 23(2), 264\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhs007","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","volume":"210","author":"J Nelson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nelson, J., Klumparendt, A., Doebler, P., & Ehring, T. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and characteristics of adult depression: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(2), 96\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.180752","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0083-5","volume":"12","author":"TA Niendam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12(2), 241\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-011-0083-5","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"1120_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/35077500","volume":"2","author":"T Paus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Paus, T. (2001). Primate anterior cingulate cortex: Where motor control, drive and cognition interface. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(6), 417\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35077500","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-012-9216-x","volume":"7","author":"NS Philip","year":"2013","unstructured":"Philip, N. S., Sweet, L. H., Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Carpenter, L. L., Kuras, Y. I., & Niaura, R. S. (2013). Early life stress is associated with greater default network deactivation during working memory in healthy controls: A preliminary report. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 7(2), 204\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-012-9216-x","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9373-9","volume":"10","author":"NS Philip","year":"2016","unstructured":"Philip, N. S., Sweet, L. H., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, S. L., Albright, S. E., Price, L. H., & Carpenter, L. L. (2016). Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with altered n-back activation and performance in healthy adults: Implications for a commonly used working memory task. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 10(1), 124\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-015-9373-9","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9548-z","volume":"11","author":"Y Quide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Quide, Y., O\u2019Reilly, N., Rowland, J. E., Carr, V. J., Elzinga, B. M., & Green, M. J. (2017). Effects of childhood trauma on working memory in affective and non-affective psychotic disorders. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11(3), 722\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-016-9548-z","journal-title":"Brain Imaging and Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.4","volume":"27","author":"A Raine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raine, A., Park, S. Q., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., Widom, C. S., & Singh, M. (2001). Reduced right hemisphere activation in severely abused violent offenders during a working memory task: An fMRI study. Aggressive Behavior, 27(2), 111\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.4","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"key":"1120_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.095","volume":"244","author":"CM Rapsey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rapsey, C. M., Scott, K. M., & Patterson, T. (2019). Childhood sexual abuse, poly-victimization and internalizing disorders across adulthood and older age: Findings from a 25-year longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 244, 171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.10.095","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(02)01866-8","volume":"54","author":"AJ Rush","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., & Keller, M. B. (2003). The 16-item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): A psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 54(5), 573\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(02)01866-8","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"1120_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104895","volume":"142","author":"E Schrammen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schrammen, E., Roesmann, K., Rosenbaum, D., Redlich, R., Harenbrock, J., Dannlowski, U., & Leehr, E. J. (2022). Functional neural changes associated with psychotherapy in anxiety disorders - A meta-analysis of longitudinal fMRI studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 142, Article 104895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104895","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1120_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00242","volume":"6","author":"DH Schultz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schultz, D. H., Balderston, N. L., & Helmstetter, F. J. (2012). Resting-state connectivity of the amygdala is altered following Pavlovian fear conditioning. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, Article 242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00242","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"1120_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001390","volume":"29","author":"MA Sheridan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheridan, M. A., Peverill, M., Finn, A. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2017). Dimensions of childhood adversity have distinct associations with neural systems underlying executive functioning. Development and Psychopathology, 29(5), 1777\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579417001390","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1017\/s135561770173305x","volume":"7","author":"ER Sowell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sowell, E. R., Delis, D., Stiles, J., & Jernigan, T. L. (2001). Improved memory functioning and frontal lobe maturation between childhood and adolescence: A structural MRI study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(3), 312\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s135561770173305x","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"1120_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000002","volume":"26","author":"P Spinhoven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spinhoven, P., Penninx, B. W., Hickendorff, M., van Hemert, A. M., Bernstein, D. P., & Elzinga, B. M. (2014). Childhood trauma questionnaire: Factor structure, measurement invariance, and validity across emotional disorders. Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 717\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000002","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"1120_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150439","volume":"36","author":"RF Squire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Squire, R. F., Noudoost, B., Schafer, R. J., & Moore, T. (2013). Prefrontal contributions to visual selective attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 36, 451\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150439","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"1120_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","volume":"17","author":"MH Teicher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(10), 652\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2016.111","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.32398\/cjhp.v15i1.1887","volume":"15","author":"LD Tran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tran, L. D., & Ponce, N. A. (2017). Who gets needed mental health care? Use of mental health services among adults with mental health need in California. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 15(1), 36.","journal-title":"Californian Journal of Health Promotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"1120_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579601600024X","volume":"26","author":"S Trautmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trautmann, S., Goodwin, L., Hofler, M., Jacobi, F., Strehle, J., Zimmermann, P., & Wittchen, H. U. (2017). Prevalence and severity of mental disorders in military personnel: A standardised comparison with civilians. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(2), 199\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S204579601600024X","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1120_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S1041-6080(02)00049-3","volume":"13","author":"T Verguts","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verguts, T., & De Boeck, P. (2002). On the correlation between working memory capacity and performance on intelligence tests. Learning and Individual Differences, 13(1), 37\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1041-6080(02)00049-3","journal-title":"Learning and Individual Differences"},{"key":"1120_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.08.011","volume":"56","author":"XL Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, X. L., Du, M. Y., Chen, T. L., Chen, Z. Q., Huang, X. Q., Luo, Y., & Gong, Q. Y. (2015). Neural correlates during working memory processing in major depressive disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 56, 101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.08.011","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"1120_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01082","volume":"13","author":"JD White","year":"2019","unstructured":"White, J. D., & Kaffman, A. (2019). The moderating effects of sex on consequences of childhood maltreatment: From clinical studies to animal models. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, Article 1082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01082","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"1120_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-023-02687-y","author":"P Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, P., Wang, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, J., Jin, Z., & Li, L. (2023). The role of middle frontal gyrus in working memory retrieval by the effect of target detection tasks: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. Brain Structure & Function. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-023-02687-y","journal-title":"Brain Structure & Function"}],"container-title":["Brain Imaging and Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:42:42Z","timestamp":1781638962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-026-01120-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-7565"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-7565","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consent allowing for the collection, analysis, and publication of their brain imaging data in accordance with the ethical guidelines of our institutional review board, specifically permitting the presentation of anonymized data, including brain images, within this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Moore is a co-founder of KeyWise AI and a co-founder and consultant for NeuroUX. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. No other authors have conflicts of interest to declare. Please note that the present manuscript presents results from a secondary analysis of the neuroimaging data collected for two clinical trials; the primary outcomes of the clinical trials have been published elsewhere (see (Bomyea, Caudle, Bartolovich, et al., 2025; Bomyea, Caudle, Dugas, et al., 2025). The findings in the present manuscript have not been published elsewhere.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The protocols in the present study were reviewed and approved by the UC San Diego Institutional Review Board (IRB) or VA San Diego Healthcare System IRB. All research was carried out in accordance with the principals in the WMA Declaration of Helsinki \u2013 Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Prior to enrollment, all participants were provided a written and verbal explanation of the study\u2019s aims, procedures, and risks. Then, all study participants provided written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial registration"}}],"article-number":"39"}}